Facultad de Medicina y Salud

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A nomogram for relapse/death and contemplating adjuvant therapy for parathyroid carcinoma
(Elsevier, 2023-08) Silva-Figueroa, Angélica
The staging systems proposed to date for PC have not been adequately validated. Recent multivariate have been carried out in large national and international databases to search for prognostic factors for survival and relapse in PC. Advanced age, male gender, high PTH and calcium levels at diagnosis, tumor size >30 mm, angioinvasion, presence of distant metastases, and specific tumor microenvironmental factors, such as parafibromin staining and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, have been strongly correlated with decreased OS and CSS, and with increased risk of local and distant recurrence. Because of their prognostic significance, these host and tumor factors should be included in any PC staging system. However, there is a need to promote collaborative PC registry plans to collate data on the above prognostic factors as well as new ways in a standardized global registry. Such a resource could be used to stratify patients with PC and identify those at high risk for relapse and death who may benefit from strict surveillance or adjuvant therapeutic care. PC is an indolent cancer with a high recurrence rate of 3 to 5 years after the first surgical intervention. Progression can remain dormant for decades until patients present with distant metastases. Such heterogeneity and neoplastic latency make OS an ambitious endpoint to achieve, and pursuing OS contradicts the actual needs of patients with this endocrine neoplasm. More relevant endpoints focus on achieving normal blood biochemistry to improve quality of life and intervening to lengthen recurrence/metastasis event-related-free survival. Surgery remains the standard treatment because traditional therapies, such as EBRT and chemotherapy, do not benefit patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic PC, new options are emerging for patients with PC. Genomic and phenotypic profiling can continue to inform personalized therapeutic strategies to expand the clinical options available to patients with PC.
A novel high-throughput method for acrylamide determination in potato chips by high-perfomrmance thin-layer chromatography coupled to fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection
(Springer Nature) Patiño-Arias, Lina; Fernández-Martínez, Joaquín; Rodríguez, Beatriz; Mariotti-Celis, María Salomé; Henríquez-Aedo, Karem; Aranda, Mario
Acrylamide (AA) is a probable human carcinogen present in several highly consumed starchy foods like potato chips. Due to the lack of important chromophore groups in its chemical structure, it is generally derivatized to be detected by ultravio let (UV) or fluorescence (FL). The objective of this work was to develop a novel high-throughput high-performance thin layer chromatography method to determine AA in starchy foods using the fluorescent probe 7-mercapto-4-methylcoumarin (7M4MC). The main derivatization factors for AA and N,N-Dimethylacrylamide (DMAA, internal standard) were optimized using a Face-centered Central Composite Design, establishing the following optimal conditions: temperature (50 °C), time (10 min), and catalyst concentration (0.5 mmol/L of 4-dimethylaminopyridine). Chromatography was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates using a mobile phase composed of dichloromethane, acetic acid, and acetone (94.5: 3.9: 1.6 v/v/v). The analytical method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Analytical response in the range from 5 to 400 ng/band showed an R2 > 0.998. Repeatability and intermediate precision showed RSD values lower than 7% and 5%, respectively. Mean recovery was 74.43 ± 5.83% (RSD < 8%) and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 92.04 µg/kg and 318.58 µg/kg (0.13 and 0.45 ng/band), respectively. The proposed method exhibited similar results to conventional LC–MS/MS method, offering some advantages like affordability and high-throughput analysis. Overall, the proposed HPTLC method could be a suitable alternative for determining AA in starchy food samples.
A single bout of resistance exercise triggers mitophagy, potentially involving the ejection of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle
(Wiley, 2024-09-24) Díaz-Castro, Francisco; Tuñón-Suárez, Mauro; Rivera, Patricia; Botella, Javier; Cancino, Jorge; Figueroa, Ana María; Gutiérrez, Juan; Cantin, Claudette; Deldicque, Louise; Zbinden-Foncea, Hermann; Nielsen, Joachim; Henríquez-Olguín, Carlos; Morselli, Eugenia; Castro-Sepúlveda, Mauricio
Aim The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a single bout of resistance exercise on mitophagy in human skeletal muscle (SkM). Methods Eight healthy men were recruited to complete an acute bout of one-leg resistance exercise. SkM biopsies were obtained one hour after exercise in the resting leg (Rest-leg) and the contracting leg (Ex-leg). Mitophagy was assessed using protein-related abundance, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence microscopy. Results Our results show that acute resistance exercise increased pro-fission protein phosphorylation (DRP1Ser616) and decreased mitophagy markers such as PARKIN and BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance in the Ex-leg. Additionally, mitochondrial complex IV decreased in the Ex-leg when compared to the Rest-leg. In the Ex-leg, TEM and immunofluorescence images showed mitochondrial cristae abnormalities, a mitochondrial fission phenotype, and increased mitophagosome-like structures in both subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria. We also observed increased mitophagosome-like structures on the subsarcolemmal cleft and mitochondria in the extracellular space of SkM in the Ex-leg. We stimulated human primary myotubes with CCCP, which mimics mitophagy induction in the Ex-leg, and found that BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance decreased independently of lysosomal degradation. Finally, in another human cohort, we found a negative association between BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance with both mitophagosome-like structures and mitochondrial cristae density in the SkM. Conclusion The findings suggest that a single bout of resistance exercise can initiate mitophagy, potentially involving mitochondrial ejection, in human skeletal muscle. BNIP3L/NIX is proposed as a sensitive marker for assessing mitophagy flux in SkM.
A sustainable approach to obtain polyphenols from Chilean wild murta, Ugni candollei B., and Ugni molinae T., using eutectic solvents and advanced extraction techniques
(Elsevier, 2025-04-04) Fuentes-Jorquera, Natalia; Villalva, Marisol; Pérez-Jiménez, Jara; González-Miquel, María; González, Emilio J.; Mariotti-Celis, María Salomé; Pérez-Correa, José Ricardo; Canales, Roberto I.
Murta, native to southern Chile, comprises red murta (Ugni molinae Turcz) and white murta (Ugni candollei Barm), traditionally utilized in ethnobotanical medicine for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties attributed to high flavonoid and phenolic acid content. Despite murta’s potential, the combined effects of sustainable extraction techniques—eutectic solvents (ES), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasoundassisted extraction (UAE)—on its polyphenol profile remain unexplored. A comprehensive analysis should quantify extractable polyphenols (EPP) and non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP). This study evaluated eight ES mixtures for polyphenol extraction from red and white murta leaves and fruits, optimizing water percentage and feed:solvent ratio. Choline chloride:1,3-butanediol (ChCl:1,3BD) with 30 % water and a 1:10 ratio yielded the highest EPP content, as determined by HPLC-DAD. Among various MAE and UAE conditions tested, MAE at 353 K for 3 min achieved optimal phenolic compound yields, with catechin predominating in leaf extracts and gallic acid in fruit extracts. NEPP fractions, consisting primarily of non-extractable proanthocyanidins, represented 8–19 % of total polyphenols in fruits and leaves. These findings establish a sustainable methodology for obtaining polyphenol-rich extracts from murta and highlight the importance of both EPP and NEPP fractions in enhancing the potential of these antioxidant-enriched food extracts obtained through eco-friendly technologies.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Prevalence of Variants in the Pancreaticobiliary Duct Junction and Its Association with Cancer
(MDPI, 2025-04-25) Valenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan José; Beas-Gambi, Antonia; Matta-Leiva, Josefa; Martínez-Hernández, Daniela; Milos, Daniel; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Suazo Santibañez, Alejandra; Bruna-Mejías, Alejandro; Sebastian Riveros, Andres; Becerra-Farfán, Álvaro; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan; Gutierrez-Espinoza, Héctor; Bastidas-Caldes, Carlos
The objective of this study was to describe the anatomical variants of the pancreaticobiliary junction and how its position or structural change could be associated with hepatic, duodenal, and pancreatic clinical complications. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases from their inception up to September 2024. Results: Two authors independently performed the search, study selection, data extraction, and assessed the methodological quality with an assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). Finally, the pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. A total of 59 studies with a total of 22,752 participants were included in this review. The overall prevalence of the anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction (APBJ) variant was 12% (95% CI = 6% to 18%). The prevalence of cancer associated with variants of APBJ was 29% (95% CI = 23% to 34%). Conclusions: In the present anatomical systematic review and meta-analysis, we found that a longer common channel correlated with a higher prevalence of bile duct or gallbladder malignancy, due to the backward flow of bile which occurs as a result of the position and distance of the bile ducts, as well as pancreatic failing. Hence, APBJs are of great interest for gastroduodenal surgeons.
A Systematic Review of Anatomical Variations of the Inferior Thyroid Artery: Clinical and Surgical Considerations
(MDPI, 2025-07-23) Bruna-Mejías, Alejandro; Pérez-Farías, Carla; Prieto-Heredia, Tamara; Vergara-Vargas, Fernando; Martínez-Cid, Josefina; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan; Afandi-Rebolledo, Sary; Valdés-Orrego, Iván; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Suazo Santibañez, Alejandra; Valenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan José; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias
The inferior thyroid artery (ITA) is an essential component of the thyroid gland’s vasculature, with significant clinical and surgical implications due to its anatomical variability. This systematic review aimed to describe the prevalence of ITA anatomical variants and their association with clinical conditions or surgical implications. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE on 20 November 2025. Eligibility criteria included studies reporting on the presence of ITA variants and their correlation with pathologies. Two authors independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the AQUA and JBI tools. Results: Of the 2647 articles identified, 19 studies involving 1118 subjects/cadavers were included. Variations in ITA origin, absence, and additional arteries were reported, with the most common variant being direct origin from the subclavian artery. Clinically, these variations were associated with increased risk of intraoperative hemorrhage, potential nerve damage, and challenges in preoperative planning, particularly during thyroidectomy and other neck procedures. Conclusions: Understanding the anatomical diversity of the ITA is crucial for reducing surgical risks and improving patient outcomes. The review highlighted the need for more standardized research protocols and comprehensive data reporting to enhance the quality of evidence in this domain. Preoperative imaging and thorough anatomical assessments tailored to individual patient profiles, considering ethnic and gender-related differences, are essential for safe surgical interventions in the thyroid region.
A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis of the Morphological Variants of the Corpus Callosum: Related Neurocognitive Clinical Implications
(Elsevier, 2025) Valenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan José; Orellana-Hidalgo, Sebastián; Baeza-Garrido, Vicente; Trujillo-Riveros, Martin; Aguilar-Aguirre, Isidora; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Cifuentes-Suazo, Gloria; Bruna Mejías, Alejandro; Casanova-Martinez, Daniel; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan; Piagkou, Maria; Triantafyllou, George; Konschake, Marko
Background: Corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) occurs in approximately 1 in every 4000 births and is identified in 3–5% of individuals evaluated through neuroimaging for neurodevelopmental disorders. The combined prevalence of CCA and hypoplasia is estimated to range from 1.8 to 10 in every 10,000 births. Methods: The online databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences were searched until May 2025. Two authors independently conducted the search, selected the studies, and extracted the data. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Anatomical Quality Assessment tool. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Results: A total of 46 studies met the established selection criteria. In this analysis, 15 articles were included in the meta-analysis, which involved a total of 5,118,037 subjects. The overall prevalence of CCA was 18% (confidence interval = 10%–25%). The subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in the prevalence of CCA among the Asian continent compared to the other four continents (P-value 0.001). Conclusions: Early diagnosis of CCA during the fetal stage can enable specialists to implement more effective treatments and reduce the likelihood of neurofunctional impairments. Furthermore, understanding the morphological characteristics of CCA can assist in making an early and accurate diagnosis, minimizing the need for differential diagnoses that could interfere with the functioning of the interhemispheric connection system and brain functional connections.
Abordaje nutricional en alergias alimentarias más prevalentes
(Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Medicina, 2016) Fernández Morales, Isidora; Von Jentschykmakuc, María Ignacia
Las alergias alimentarias se identifican como una respuesta exagerada del sistema inmunológico frente al consumo de un alimento específico, provocando de este modo, efectos nocivos con posible riesgo vital. Estas alergias requieren de un oportuno diagnóstico y tratamiento, debido a que ha habido un aumento en la prevalencia mundial. Pudiendo ser explicadopor un sobre diagnóstico, provocado por la falta de realización de los protocolos de diagnóstico establecidos, guiándose solamente por la sintomatología. Producto de las implicancias producidas en estas enfermedades, es importante conocer el correcto manejo dietoterapéutico a seguir en estos pacientes, dado a que en la práctica no se acostumbra a dar un adecuado manejo. Este documento tiene como finalidad dar a conocer las alergias alimentarias más prevalentes como; a la proteína de leche de vaca, al huevo, pescados y mariscos, su sintomatología y manejo de cada una. Para contribuir a la información actual que utilizan los profesionales a modo de tratamiento y así evitar las consecuencias extremas, considerando el compromiso negativo que pueden llegar a asentar en el paciente. Se espera establecer que el tratamiento consista principalmente en eliminar el alimento involucrado y encontrar un sustituto de este, para así evitar posibles complicaciones que produzca el déficit de este alimento. Palabras claves: Alergia alimentaria, dietoterapia, proteína de la leche de vaca, huevo, pescados y mariscos. Abreviaturas: IgE (inmunoglobulinas) , APLV (alergia a la proteina de la leche de vaca) LME (lactancia materna exclusiva), FL (Fórmula láctea)
Acción antitrombótica y antihipertensiva de los polifenoles: una revisión de mecanismos y evidencias clínicas y experimentales
(Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Medicina, 2025) Ponce, Antonia; Quiroga, Sara; Rivera, Pamela prof. guía
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de mortalidad a nivel mundial. Como factores de riesgo destacan la hipertensión arterial (HTA) y los fenómenos trombóticos, cuyos tratamientos tradicionales pueden presentar efectos adversos y baja adherencia. Esto ha impulsado la búsqueda de estrategias complementarias de origen natural, como los polifenoles dietéticos, compuestos con un potencial cardioprotector. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática, realizada según la guía PRISMA, es evaluar la evidencia científica reciente de los efectos de los polifenoles en la normalización de la presión arterial y la prevención de eventos trombóticos, considerando sus mecanismos de acción. Para esto, se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus, limitando la antigüedad de los estudios (2020- 2025). Se incluyeron estudios preclínicos (in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo) y clínicos en modelos con HTA o riesgo cardiovascular, seleccionando un total de 25 estudios. El análisis demostró un perfil dual de los polifenoles: antihipertensivo y antitrombótico. Redujeron la presión arterial, modulando el sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, inhibiendo la enzima convertidora de angiotensina y la acción de angiotensina II. Además, mejoraron la función endotelial al aumento de la biodisponibilidad de óxido nítrico y la actividad del superóxido dismutasa. Su efecto antitrombótico se observó al prolongar los tiempos de coagulación, inhibir la trombina, suprimir la agregación plaquetaria a través de la modulación del eje TXA₂/PGI₂ e inhibir la proteína disulfuro isomerasa. En síntesis, los polifenoles son compuestos prometedores para la prevención de la HTA y la trombosis. Sin embargo, la evidencia clínica aún es limitada, debido a la heterogeneidad metodológica y la variabilidad en dosis y tipos de extractos. Por lo tanto, se requieren ensayos clínicos controlados y de largo plazo que permitan validar su eficacia y seguridad en la práctica clínica.
Ácido fólico, fortificación alimentaria y suplementación en embarazadas podrían estar causando una sobre ingesta donde sus beneficios son controversiales
(Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Medicina, 2014) Podlech Naulin, María Paz; Sagaceta Munster, Elizabeth Paz
Las nuevas evidencias refieren que en el mundo se estaría consumiendo nivele de ácido fólico superiores a las recomendaciones según grupo etario, los cuales estarían afectando negativamente a la salud. Identificar el consumo diario de ácido fólico en mujeres embarazadas, dentro del primer trimestre. Este estudio cuantifica la ingesta de ácido fólico de las embarazadas que cursan el primer trimestre y que asistieron a las consejerías en vida sana en el embarazo del Cesfam Pueblo lo Espejo, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta de tendencia de consumo semicuantificada. Las encuestadas consumen en promedio 1,9 veces la recomendación de ácido fólico para este grupo, sin considerar la suplementación la cual aumentaría la ingesta en 3,5 o más veces lo recomendado. El grupo de alimento que incremento en mayor cantidad la ingesta diaria de esta vitamina fueron aquellos fortificados en este nutriente, los cuales son los derivados de la harina de trigo y la leche purita mamá. Ninguna de las embarazadas encuestadas consumió una cantidad menor a 600 mcg/día que es la recomendación indicada para este grupo etario. Investigaciones recientes señalan que el mayor aporte de ácido fólico es proveniente de alimentos fortificado, el que consumido en cantidades superiores a 250 mcg/día, no se metabolizaría y quedaría como circulante en la sangre, pudiendo ser el causante de neoplasias y anemia, dentro de otras afecciones a la salud, es por esto que la fortificación de alimentos con esta vitamina estaría causando controversias a nivel mundial.
Activin receptor type IIA/IIB blockade increases muscle mass and strength, but compromises glycemic control in mice
(Elsevier, 2025-09-27) Carlsson, Michala; Ali, Mona Sadek; Frank, Emma; Mármol, Joan M.; Ali, Mona Sadek; Raun, Steffen H.; Battey, Edmund; Resen Andersen, Nicoline; Irazoki, Andrea; Lund, Camilla; Henríquez-Olguín, Carlos; Kubec Højfeldt, Martina; Blomquist, Pauline; Duch Bromer, Frederik; Mocciaro, Gabriele; Lodberg, AndreasBrix Folsted Andersen, Christian; Eijken, Marco; Mæchel Fritzen, Andreas; Roland Knudsen, Jonas; Richter, Erik A.; Sylow, Lykke
Purpose: Blocking the Activin receptor type IIA and IIB (ActRIIA/IIB) has clinical potential to increase muscle mass and improve glycemic control in obesity, cancer, and aging. However, the impact of blocking ActRIIA/IIB on strength, metabolic regulation, and insulin action remains unclear. Methods: Here, we investigated the effect of short- (10 mg kg− 1 bw, once, 40h) or long-term (10 mg kg− 1 bw, twice weekly, 21 days) antibody treatment targeting ActRIIA/IIB αActRIIA/IIB) in lean and diet-induced obese mice and engineered human muscle tissue. Results: Short-term α ActRIIA/IIB administration in lean mice increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle by 76—105%. Despite this, αActRIIA/IIB-treated mice exhibited 33% elevated blood glucose and glucose intolerance. Long-term αActRIIA/IIB treatment increased muscle mass (+20%) and reduced fat mass (− 8%) in obese mice but failed to enhance insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle or adipose tissue. Instead, it induced glucose intolerance, cardiac hypertrophy with glycogen accumulation, and elevated hepatic triacylglycerol and glucose output in response to pyruvate. Concomitantly, long-term αActRIIA/IIB treatment increased strength (+30%) in mouse soleus muscle and prevented activin A-induced loss of tissue strength in engineered human muscle tissue. Surprisingly, long-term α ActRIIA/IIB treatment lowered volitional running (− 250%). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that, in accordance with human studies, ActRIIA/IIB blockade holds promise for increasing muscle mass, strength, and muscle insulin sensitivity. However, contrary to the improved glycemic control in humans, ActRIIA/IIB blockade in mice causes severe glucose intolerance and lowers voluntary physical activity. Our study underscores the complex metabolic and functional consequences of ActRIIA/IIB blockade, and highlight species differences on glycemic control, which warrant further investigation.
Actualización sobre el manejo inicial de fracturas expuestas para médicos generales y especialistas. Revisión panorámica de la literatura
(Revista Médica de Chile, 2026-03-04) Frey Moreno, Catalina; Ramirez Arenas, Joaquín; Ruiz Riquelme, Pablo
Las fracturas expuestas representan una carga significativa para la salud pública debido al riesgo de infección, secuelas y mortalidad. El manejo inicial es crucial para evitar o reducir estas complicacio-nes. Objetivo: Describir las opciones actuales de manejo inicial de fracturas expuestas en el servicio de urgencias por el médico general y especialista. Metodología: Revisión panorámica del manejo de fractura expuesta realizada entre octubre y noviembre 2024, utili-zando términos MESH en PubMed y SCIELO en inglés y español. Se incluyeron artículos de los últimos 5 años (2019-2024) abordando los pilares del manejo en urgencias: antibioticoterapia, manejo del dolor, inmovilización y desbridamiento. Resultados: De 2.883 artícu-los obtenidos en PubMed y SCIELO, 30 estudios fueron incluidos. Se mantienen los pilares de tratamiento para disminuir complicaciones: antibioticoterapia, manejo del dolor, inmovilización, desbridamiento y cierre de la herida. Discusión: La antibioticoterapia debe ser precoz, idealmente antes de 60 minutos, aseo quirúrgico antes de 24 horas de la lesión según las características de la fractura, cierre precoz de la herida. También, manejo del dolor asociado a reducción e inmovi-lización y/o fijación. Además, considerar el uso de antibioticoterapia local y continua o cierre-asistido-por-vacío (VAC) por especialistas. Es importante la creación de protocolos específicos para el sistema de salud chileno. Conclusiones: El médico general debe conocer los tiempos de administración antibiótica y desbridación, optimizar el manejo del dolor farmacológicamente, inmovilizar la fractura e indicar la profilaxis antitetánica. El especialista debe procurar un aseo quirúrgico y cierre de la herida precoz, considerando asociar antibiótico local o VAC para favorecer el pronóstico del paciente. El manejo actualizado y protocolizado de esta patología es relevante para prevenir su morbimortalidad.
Adaptación transcultural del cuestionario para valoración del fitness cardiorrespiratorio: CLINIMEX Aerobic Fitness Questionnaire
(Sociedad Chilena de Medicina del Deporte, 2025) Cancino, Jorge; Barrera-Cifuentes, María Paz; Cruz-Alaniz, Nicolás; León-Carrasco, Bárbara
Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente al español chileno el CLINIMEX Aerobic Fitness Questionnaire para estimar el fitness cardiorrespiratorio. Métodos: Se realizó una traducción inicial por dos traductoras bilingües de lengua materna chilena y una retrotraducción por dos traductores bilingües de lengua materna portuguesa. Luego, un comité de expertos revisó el cuestionario antes de su aplicación a un primer grupo de 40 personas mayores de 18 años. Tras confirmar su comprensibilidad, se aplicó la versión final a un grupo de 20 personas. Resultados: En la primera fase, un 27,5% (n=11) tuvo dificultades con el término “hatha”, un 10% (n=4) con “spinning”, un 7,5% (n=3) con “hidrogimnasia” y un 2,5% (n=1) con “musculación”. En el segundo grupo, el fitness cardiorrespiratorio estimado fue de 10.8±2.8 METs (rango 5-16). Conclusión: Se logró la adaptación del cuestionario CLINIMEX al español chileno. Esta adaptación constituye un paso fundamental para avanzar en el proceso de validación del instrumento en nuestra población y entregar una herramienta sencilla para la valoración clínica del fitness respiratorio. Objective: To carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the CLINIMEX Aerobic Fitness Questionnaire intoChilean Spanish for the estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: An initial translation was performed by two bilingual translators whose native language is Chilean Spanish, followed by a back-translation by two bilingual translators whose native language is Portuguese. A committee of experts then reviewed the questionnaire before it was administered to a first group of 40 individuals aged 18 and older. After confirming its comprehensibility, the final version was administered to a second group of 20 participants. Results: In the first phase, 27.5% (n=11) had difficulties with the term “hatha,” 10% (n=4) with “spinning,” 7.5% (n=3) with “hydrogymnastics,” and 2.5% (n=1) with “strength training.” In the second group, the estimated cardiorespiratory fitness was 10.8±2.8 METs (range 5–16). Conclusion: The CLINIMEX questionnaire was successfully adapted into Chilean Spanish. This adaptation represents a key step toward the validation of the instrument in our population and provides a simple tool for the clinical assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness.
Adaptación transcultural y validación de la escala de movilidad en unidad de paciente crítico
(Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Medicina, 2023) Monge Barría, Catalina Belén; Silva Riveros, Vicente Andrés; Urbina Claro, Dcella Isabel; Martin R., Johanna, prof. guía; Cáceres H.,Ramiro, prof. guía
The present investigation was carried out at the Metropolitan Hospital of Santiago de Chile. Objective: Adapt and cross-culturally validate the mobility scale in a critical patient unit in Chile. This instrument will allow you to interpret and evaluate the maximum mobility that the patient achieves, using a score from 0 to 10 on the scale. Methodology: A committee of experts carried out a cross-cultural adaptation process of the IMS scale. Subsequently, a pilot test was carried out with 36 professionals, who initially applied the scale as a test. Once this process was completed, training was carried out for the interdisciplinary team made up of 97 professionals, who applied the mobility scale in its Chilean version to 86 patients selected according to their inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, data were collected for statistical analysis to carry out validity tests, which, in turn, were correlated with the functional status scoring scale in the intensive care unit (FSS-ICU). Results: Regarding the descriptive statistics of the content validation averaged between the different measurements of professionals, it showed a median of 8.75, mean 8.09 and standard deviation 2.2425). The compensation between the IMS with the FSS-ICU of r = 0.883 and p < 0.0001, in the interference analysis to obtain construct validity, the Friedman test was performed (F = 30.1 in nursing, F = 22.4 in Tens and F = 27.4).
Adherence to an Early Exercise Plan Promotes Visceral Fat Loss in the First Month Following Bariatric Surgery.
(Springer, 2025) Pino-Zuñiga, Johanna; Lillo-Urzua, Paloma; Olivares-Galvez, Mariela; Palacio-Aguero, Ana; Duque, Juan Camilo; Luengas, Rafael; Cancino, Jorge
Background: The evidence supporting the benefits of early exercise in post-bariatric patients is growing. This study analyzed the effects of early exercise (1-week post-bariatric surgery) on body composition in patients with overweight and obesity 1 month after surgery. Methods: Thirty patients (age 36.5 ± 12.3 [range, 18-65] years; body mass index [BMI], 36.2 ± 12.3 kg/m2, range, 29-48) who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for bariatric surgery were instructed to participate in an exercise training program initiated on day 3 post-surgery and to follow a recommended protein intake of 60 g/day. After 1-month post-surgery, patients were stratified into those who adhered to exercise recommendations and those who did not. Pre- and post-differences in total weight loss (TWL), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), fat mass (FM), and visceral fat mass (VFM) were compared. Results: TWL, SMM, and FM loss were similar between non-adherent and adherent subjects (10.2 ± 3.5 kg and 11.9 ± 3.6 kg; p = 0.2; 2.9 ± 1.0 kg and 3.2 ± 1.2; p = 0.2; 6.2 ± 2.1 kg and 7.5 ± 3.6 kg; p = 0.2, respectively), whereas VFM was markedly reduced in the adherent group (29.9 ± 18.2 cm2 vs 14.6 ± 9.4 cm2; p = 0.01) compared to the non-adherent group. When the group was divided according to adherence to exercise and protein intake or non-adherence to both conditions, there was a significant difference in TWL, FM, and VFM losses (p < 0.05). In contrast, no differences in SMM were found. Conclusions: Early exercise training accelerated visceral fat mass loss during the initial recovery period in patients after bariatric surgery. Additionally, adherence to daily protein intake recommendations can increase total body weight and fat mass loss.
Adsorption of low molecular weight food relevant polyphenols on cross-linked agarose gel
(Elsevier, 2021-10-25) Rivera-Tovar, Pamela Raquel; Pérez-Manríquez, Javiera; Mariotti-Celis, María Salomé; Escalona, Nestor; Pérez-Correa, José Ricardo
Adsorption of five relevant low molecular weight polyphenols identified in agro-industrial waste extracts (Aristotelia chilensis leaves, Carménère wine pomace, spent coffee grounds, and brewery waste streams) was measured and characterized. SuperoseTM 12 prep grade and between three and six solutions with different water, ethanol, and acetic acid compositions were used as adsorbent and liquid phases. The chosen adsorbent and liquid phases were relevant for designing an adsorption preparative liquid chromatography (APLC) process to isolate these polyphenols. Langmuir and Freundlich models adequately fitted the obtained isothermal equilibrium data. The Freundlich model represented better ferulic acid (FA), kaempferol (KAE), and resveratrol (RSV) adsorptions, while the Langmuir model represented better gallic acid (GA) and catechin (CAT). Different polyphenol/agarose affinities in water-rich liquid phases were observed. From this, a hypothetical elution order was established (KAE < GA < FA < CAT < RSV), which was partially experimentally corroborated (for a mixture of GA, CAT, and RSV) with an APLC system. Lowering the water proportion or increasing the EtOH:HAc ratio in the liquid phase reduced the adsorption of these polyphenols, except for FA. The decrease in adsorption with temperature and the negative values of ΔH indicated that these processes were exothermic. The adsorption of all the polyphenols was governed by physisorption. All the adsorption processes studied were spontaneous and thermodynamically feasible (ΔG < 0). In addition, the polyphenol molecules were less randomly organized (more ordered) at the polyphenol/agarose interface during the adsorption process (ΔS < 0).
The Akin osteotomy without fixation in open hallux abducto-valgo correction surgery: A single center retrospective analysis of 286 cases
(Elsevier, 2023-01-06) Testa, Enrique Adrián; Porreca, Annamaria; Ruiz Nasarre, Alberto; Poggio Cano, Daniel; Alvarez Goenaga, Fernando; Ledermann, Gerardo; Baduell, Albert; Ruiz Riquelme, Pablo
Between 2011 and 2018, 222 patients, 286 feet (147 left, 139 right) met the inclusion criteria. We found an average difference between pre-op and post-op at 3 months of distal articular set angle (DASA) of 7.0 degrees and average interphalangeal joint obliquity angle (IPOA) of 12.0 degrees (p < 0.001). All cases achieved fusion but in 5.9 % (17/289 cases) of cases, we observed delayed consolidation. The average union time in these cases was 22.1 weeks. Hyperextension of the distal fragment (mal union in plantar flexion) was observed in 7 cases (2.4 %). None of the 7 cases required correction. Out of 286 surgeries, 8 (2.7 %) required reoperation, but only one case for a hypocorrection required Akin's re osteotomy. Regarding the inter- and intra-observer correlations, good and excellent reliability are observed for all parameters under consideration. Conclusion The absence of internal fixation would appear not to impair osteotomy healing and complication rates compared with techniques with fixation would not appear to be worse. The results are encouraging; nevertheless, we believe that further studies need to be performed in order to confirm the data.
Alergia a la proteína de leche de vaca: etiología, impacto en salud y tratamiento nutricional
(Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Medicina, 2016) Cortés Arriagada, Constanza; Notario Fuenzalida, Camila
A nivel mundial, en los últimos años, las alergias alimentarias han aumentado considerablemente. Una de estas alteraciones es la reacción adversa de origen inmunológico, a la proteína de leche de vaca. En Chile, la alergia a la proteína de leche de vaca (APLV), tiene una prevalencia del 4% presentándose los principales síntomas alérgicos durante los primeros 12 meses del lactante. El objetivo de esta tesis, fue revisar bibliografía actualizada de la APLV respecto a su etiología, sintomatología clínica y su repercusión en el estado nutricional del lactante. También se realizó una recopilación y especificación de fórmulas lácteas utilizadas para el tratamiento de la APLV. La base de datos que se utilizó fue scielo, science direct, con la recopilación de 46 artículos científicos. La evidencia, ha demostrado que la atopia familiar de cualquier índole, el consumo de antibióticos por parte de la madre durante el embarazo y del lactante durante los primeros meses de vida, el reemplazo de la lactancia materna por fórmulas lácteas a temprana edad, los recién nacidos de pre-termino y la higiene excesiva son factores que podrían condicionar a la alergia. Existen recomendaciones nutricionales establecidas nacional e internacionalmente, lo que dará orientaciones para el tratamiento a la alergia de leche de vaca. Palabras Claves: alergias alimentarias, alergia a la proteína de la leche de vaca, etiología, tratamiento nutricional.
Alimentación laboral: ¿un derecho o un privilegio?
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2025-06-27) López-Arana, Sandra; Conti Donoso, Francesca; Castillo, Oscar
La malnutrición por exceso se produce debido a una mayor ingesta calórica, caracterizada por un alto consumo de alimentos ricos en azúcares, sodio y grasas saturadas, así como un aumento en el consumo de alimentos procesados y ultra procesados. A esto se suma un menor gasto energético y un estilo de vida sedentario. En el entorno alimentario organizacional, definido como el lugar donde se venden o proporcionan alimentos a los trabajadores, estudiantes u otros miembros que se desempeñan en instituciones y organizaciones, estas conductas resultan preocupantes porque pueden impactar en la salud de los trabajadores, reduciendo su bienestar físico y mental y disminuyendo su rendimiento. Factores como el estrés, la falta de tiempo para una alimentación adecuada y la escasa disponibilidad de opciones saludables en el lugar de trabajo tienen efecto tanto en la productividad como en la calidad de vida de los trabajadores.
Alteración de la integración sensorial en pacientes con trastornos de la adaptación al uso de lentes bifocales
(2016) Díaz Miranda, Diego Alonso; Le-Fort Rebufel, Pablo Ignacio
Objetivo: Describir si existe una alteración de la integración sensorial en pacientes con trastornos de adaptación al uso de lentes bifocales posterior a las dos semanas de uso. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 10 pacientes captados desde la sala de espera del Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital del Salvador (HDS). Se aplicó el Test Clínico de la integración sensorial en el balance modificado (mCTSIB) instrumentalizado mediante el Laboratorio de Movilidad OPAL basado en sensores inerciales. Un sensor ubicado sobre la cintura registró el área de balanceo (m2 /s4 ) para cada condición del test. Resultados: El promedio del área de balanceo para cada una de las 4 condiciones fue de 0,025 ± 0,153; 0,065 ± 0,067; 0,17 ± 0,097; 2,4 ± 6,13 m2 /s4 , respectivamente. En base al resultado elaborado por el algoritmo del software del equipo, el 90% de la muestra presentó al menos un trastorno de la integración sensorial, correspondiendo la pérdida vestibular (70%) a la alteración más frecuente. Conclusión: Existe una alteración de la integración sensorial, especialmente en relación a la pérdida vestibular, en pacientes con trastornos de la adaptación al uso de lentes bifocales posterior a las dos semanas de uso. A la luz de los resultados podríamos afirmar que la infectiva adaptabilidad al usar los lentes bifocales podría deberse a un déficit en la estabilización de la mirada, secundario a una pérdida vestibular. Palabras claves: Orientación sensorial, No tolerancia, VOR

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