Repositorio Institucional
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El Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad FinisTerrae, es gestionado por el Sistema de Bibliotecas y tiene por objetivo permitir el acceso libre a la producción académica e institucional de la Universidad, aumentando la visibilidad de sus contenidos y garantizando su conservación.
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Prevalencia de burnout en estudiantes de odontología 5° año académico en 4 universidades de la Región Metropolitana, año 2023
(Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Odontología, 2023) Velásquez Lienlaf, Antonio Miguel; Zárate Zárate, Eliana Carolina; Villasante Oñate, Esperanza prof. guía; Lucavechi Alcayaga, Tania prof. guía
Antecedentes: El Síndrome de Burnout (SB) corresponde a un cuadro clínico que puede afectar a trabajadores y estudiantes que se encuentren constantemente sometidos a factores estresores. La carrera de odontología demanda tiempo, estudio y responsabilidad ante los pacientes, elementos favorables para el padecimiento de este síndrome. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de burnout en estudiantes de odontología 5° año académico en 4 universidades de la Región Metropolitana en el año 2023. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en una población de 176 estudiantes de odontología de 4 universidades de la Región Metropolitana, quienes vía Google Forms respondieron el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory Students-Survey (MBI-SS) que consta de 3 dimensiones “Agotamiento”, “Cinismo” y “Eficacia académica” representadas en 15 preguntas de respuesta única que permiten determinar la prevalencia de Burnout, según niveles. Resultados: Participaron 176 estudiantes, un 66.7% mujeres y 33.3% hombres. El 75% de los estudiantes clasifica en un nivel de Burnout muy alto en la dimensión “Agotamiento”; el 41% en un nivel de Burnout alto en la dimensión “Cinismo”, mientras que un 47% se cataloga en un nivel de Burnout bajo en la dimensión “Eficacia académica”. No se observaron diferencias considerables entre el nivel de burnout; según sus dimensiones y el sexo. Discusión y Conclusión: Se determinó una alta prevalencia de Burnout, mayoritariamente en la dimensión agotamiento, siendo coincidente con estudios internacionales. Además de permitir actualización en el tema y generar señal de alerta respecto a la salud mental de los futuros odontólogos.
Sustainable recovery of phlorotannins from Durvillaea incurvata: integrated extraction and purification with advanced characterization
(MDPI, 2025-02-21) Rivera-Tovar, Pamela Raquel; Contreras-Contreras, Gabriela; Rivas-Reyes, Paulina Isabel; Pérez-Jiménez, Jara; Martínez-Cifuentes, Maximiliano; Pérez-Correa, José Ricardo; Mariotti-Celis, María Salomé
The rising demand for bioactive compounds from marine resources highlights the need for sustainable separation technologies. This study introduces an integrated process combining ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) and resin purification (RP) to isolate phlorotannins from Durvillaea incurvata, a brown seaweed with significant biomedical potential. Using a 32.5% ethanol–water solvent system for USAE followed by RP on Diaion HP-20 resin, phlorotannins were enriched 2.4-fold, with simultaneous removal of interfering compounds such as mannitol (~100%), which was demonstrated by FTIR and HPLC-IR analysis. Advanced characterization using UHPLC-QToF-MS/MS identified five novel phlorotannins with polymerization degrees of 3 to 8 phloroglucinol units in both USAE extracts and post-RP. Mass balance based on spectrophotometric measurements indicated a purification factor of ~2, confirming process effectiveness. RP streams showed distinct phlorotannin profiles, with one phlorotannin exceeding 70% relative abundance. However, MS/MS results showed significantly lower recoveries than spectrophotometric data, revealing a novel insight into RP purification. These findings highlight the critical role of comprehensive chemical characterization in optimizing sustainable phlorotannin extraction from seaweed. They propose a framework for scalable, eco-efficient technologies for achieving high-purity phlorotannin recovery. This approach facilitates the development of phlorotannin-based applications in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
Inclusion of ΑVβ3 integrin into extracellular vesicles in a caveolin-1 tyrosine-14- phosphorylation dependent manner and subsequent transfer to recipient melanoma cells promotes migration, invasion and metastasis
(Springer Nature, 2025-03-17) Huilcaman, Ricardo; Campos, A.; Contreras, P.; Simón, Layla; Varas-Godoy, M.; Grünenwald, F.; Shao, Baohai; Heinecke, Jay; Lobos-González, L.; Leyton, L.; Quest, A. F. G.
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a membrane protein that promotes migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells when phosphorylated on tyrosine-14 (Y14) by a cell intrinsic mechanism involving the activation of a novel Rab5-Rac1 signaling axis. Moreover, CAV1 expressed in aggressive cancer cells is included into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and such EVs increase the metastatic potential of recipient lower grade cancer cells. However, the relevance of CAV1 Y14 phosphorylation in these extrinsic EV-stimulated events remained to be determined. Here we used B16F10 mouse melanoma cells over-expressing wild-type CAV1, phospho-mimetic CAV1(Y14E) or phospho-null CAV1(Y14F) as models to determine how the EV protein content was affected by Y14 phosphorylation and how these EVs modulated the metastatic potential of recipient B16F10 cells lacking CAV1. EVs from B16F10 cells over-expressing wild-type and CAV1(Y14/E) contain CAV1, and other proteins linked to signaling pathways associated with cell adhesion and migration. CAV1 inclusion in EVs was reduced by the Y14F mutation and global protein composition was also significantly different. Moreover, CAV1 wild-type and CAV1(Y14E) EVs promoted migration, as well as invasion of cells lacking CAV1 [B16F10(Mock) cells]. In addition, β3 integrin was transferred via CAV1(Y14E) EVs to B16F10 (Mock) cells, and treatment with such EVs promoted metastasis of recipient B16F10(Mock) cells. Finally, CAV1(Y14E) EV-enhanced migration, invasion and metastasis of recipient cells was blocked by anti-αVβ3 antibodies. In conclusion, CAV1 phosphorylated on Y14 not only intrinsically promotes migration, invasion and metastasis of cells expressing the protein (in cis), but also favors the inclusion of CAV1 into EVs, as well as the extrinsic acquisition of malignant traits in recipient cells, through integrin transfer (in trans).
Análisis de la epidemia estacional por virus respiratorios y virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS) del año 2023 comparado con cohorte prepandemia (2015-2019) en Chile
(Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría, 2025) Díaz, Franco; Carvajal, Cristóbal
Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, las infecciones respiratorias pediátricas disminuyeron drásticamente a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, en el otoño-invierno de 2023, estas enfermedades resurgieron de manera inusual, causando estrés en el sistema de salud. Comparando los datos del 2023 con los del quinquenio prepandemia del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información de Salud (DEIS) de Chile, observamos que la magnitud y frecuencia de las enfermedades respiratorias pediátricas fueron similares. No obstante, el estrés en el sistema de salud se debió al inicio temprano de la demanda, la sincronicidad de grupos etarios, la heterogeneidad geográfica y la capacidad de respuesta global y local. En la Región Metropolitana (RM), los casos no aumentaron en número, pero se presentaron 4 semanas antes. En las regiones central, centro-sur y sur, los casos aparecieron más temprano y durante un periodo más corto, resultando en un pico de hasta 4 veces más en hospitalizaciones y consultas de urgencia. La eficacia de las políticas públicas, como los cambios en programas educacionales y la inmunización contra el virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS), requiere un análisis objetivo y multisectorial. Es necesario ajustar las políticas para evitar la sobrerrepresentación de la RM y fomentar la colaboración público-privada para perfeccionar la información de la carga del VRS, y así mejorar los estándares de atención, tratamientos y su disponibilidad a lo largo de Chile.
Chapter 19: Teaching Biology: What Research Says?
(Routledge, 2023) Cofré, Hernán; Vergara, Claudia; Santibáñez Gómez, David; Núñez, Paola; McComas, William
Biology education, a feld of study that focuses attention and research on efective instruction in the life sciences, is also known as the didactics of biology in parts of Europe (McComas et al., 2018; Reiss & Kampourakis, 2018) and South America (Cofré et al., 2021). Global climate change, biological evolution denial, maintenance of human health issues, the need of sustainable agriculture, sex education, and the emergence of and reaction to infectious diseases are some vital themes that require people around the globe to achieve high levels of practical biological literacy. As the COVID-19 pandemic has shown, many politicians, journalists, students, and members of the public alike fail to understand basic biological concepts and likewise misunderstand how science itself functions, which in turn has led them on many occasions to make poor decisions about their own health and the well-being of the population at large (Dillon & Avraamidou, 2020). So, while we feel it unnecessary to make the case that biology is a vital discipline of science, we are compelled to ask if the huge number of studies conducted in the feld of biology education have done or might potentially do something to improve teaching and public communication of vital and interesting content with the feld of biology efectively targeting misconceptions of life science content while contributing to enhanced learning outcomes of students (McComas et al., 2018). A frst step to be able to answer this question is to try to review, systematize, and critically analyze this large amount of scientifc production. In this chapter, we continue the work started in previous handbooks and that was conducted recently by Kampourakis and Reiss (2018) and their many co-authors. Thus, we have reviewed trends and issues in biology teaching within the science education literature broadly, with some additions, such as the work of McComas et al. (2018), who recently considered “grand challenges” in biology education.