Factores estresores durante el internado profesional en los estudiantes de enfermería en un hospital privado de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, 2023
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2024
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Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Medicina
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Antecedentes: Los estudiantes de enfermería que realizan su internado profesional están sometidos a múltiples situaciones de estrés en la práctica clínica. El hospital, por sí solo, es una fuente de estrés y exposición al sufrimiento, dolor, muerte, etc.
Objetivo: Determinar los factores estresores propuestos por el instrumento de medición KEZKAK durante el internado profesional en los estudiantes de enfermería.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional bajo un paradigma cuantitativo. La población de estudio fue N=33 internos de enfermería que ingresaron el segundo semestre de 2023 a un hospital privado de la región metropolitana. El instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario KEZKAK que consta de 9 dimensiones y 41 ítems que miden los estresores de los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas. Consta de una alta confiabilidad de α de Cronbach, 0,95.
Resultados: La edad promedio de los participantes es de 24 años, 32 (97%) del sexo femenino. El 55% de los internos de enfermería estudiados muestra un nivel de preocupación ALTO en el campo clínico. Respecto a los estresores académicos el 73% corresponde a la impotencia e incertidumbre y 70% falta de competencias. En los estresores emocionales destaca un porcentaje muy alto “no controla relación con el enfermo” (52%), “el enfermo busca relación íntima” (55%). El factor sobre carga significa nivel MEDIO de preocupación para el 55% de los internos Conclusiones: Se encontró un ALTO nivel de preocupación general de los internos de enfermería por los factores estresores medidos en el KEZKAK. Se destacan: la impotencia e incertidumbre y la falta de competencia. La relación con el enfermero, tutor de la práctica clínica, aparece como determinante de situaciones positivas o negativas; Se recomienda desarrollar instancias de colaboración entre la academia y las instituciones de salud, para intervengan los factores estresores que están sometidos sus estudiantes en el campo clínico. Los estudiantes deberían ser preparados
psicológicamente a fin de enfrentarse al internado profesional con mejores herramientas.
Background: Nursing students who complete their professional internship are subjected to multiple stressful situations in clinical practice. The hospital, by itself, is a source of stress and exposure to suffering, pain, death, etc. Objective: To determine the stressors proposed by the KEZKAK measurement instrument during professional internship in nursing students. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out under a quantitative paradigm. The study population was N=33 nursing interns who were admitted in the second half of 2023 to a private hospital in the metropolitan region. The instrument used was the KEZKAK questionnaire, which consists of 9 dimensions and 41 items that measure the stressors of nursing students in clinical practices. It consists of a high reliability of Cronbach's α, 0.95. Results: The average age of the participants was 24 years, 32 (97%) of whom were female. 55% of the nursing interns studied show a HIGH level of concern in the clinical field. Regarding academic stressors, 73% correspond to impotence and uncertainty and 70% to lack of skills. In emotional stressors, a very high percentage stands out: "does not control the relationship with the patient" (52%), "the patient seeks an intimate relationship" (55%). The overburden factor means MEDIUM level of concern for 55% of inmates. Conclusions: A HIGH level of general concern was found among nursing interns about the stressors measured in the KEZKAK. The following stand out: powerlessness and uncertainty and lack of competition. The relationship with the nurse, the tutor of clinical practice, appears as a determinant of positive or negative situations; It is recommended to develop instances of collaboration between academia and health institutions, to intervene in the stressors that their students are subjected to in the clinical field. Students should be psychologically prepared to face the professional internship with better tools.
Background: Nursing students who complete their professional internship are subjected to multiple stressful situations in clinical practice. The hospital, by itself, is a source of stress and exposure to suffering, pain, death, etc. Objective: To determine the stressors proposed by the KEZKAK measurement instrument during professional internship in nursing students. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out under a quantitative paradigm. The study population was N=33 nursing interns who were admitted in the second half of 2023 to a private hospital in the metropolitan region. The instrument used was the KEZKAK questionnaire, which consists of 9 dimensions and 41 items that measure the stressors of nursing students in clinical practices. It consists of a high reliability of Cronbach's α, 0.95. Results: The average age of the participants was 24 years, 32 (97%) of whom were female. 55% of the nursing interns studied show a HIGH level of concern in the clinical field. Regarding academic stressors, 73% correspond to impotence and uncertainty and 70% to lack of skills. In emotional stressors, a very high percentage stands out: "does not control the relationship with the patient" (52%), "the patient seeks an intimate relationship" (55%). The overburden factor means MEDIUM level of concern for 55% of inmates. Conclusions: A HIGH level of general concern was found among nursing interns about the stressors measured in the KEZKAK. The following stand out: powerlessness and uncertainty and lack of competition. The relationship with the nurse, the tutor of clinical practice, appears as a determinant of positive or negative situations; It is recommended to develop instances of collaboration between academia and health institutions, to intervene in the stressors that their students are subjected to in the clinical field. Students should be psychologically prepared to face the professional internship with better tools.
Descripción
Tesina (Magíster en Docencia Universitaria en Ciencias de la Salud)--Universidad Finis Terrae, 2024
Lugar de Publicación
Santiago, Chile
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Palabras clave
ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA -- FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL, ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS -- SALUD MENTAL -- CHILE, ESTRÉS PSICOLÓGICO, PRÁCTICA MÉDICA
Licencia
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)