Factores estresores durante el internado profesional en los estudiantes de enfermería en un hospital privado de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, 2023

Abstract

Background: Nursing students who complete their professional internship are subjected to multiple stressful situations in clinical practice. The hospital, by itself, is a source of stress and exposure to suffering, pain, death, etc. Objective: To determine the stressors proposed by the KEZKAK measurement instrument during professional internship in nursing students. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out under a quantitative paradigm. The study population was N=33 nursing interns who were admitted in the second half of 2023 to a private hospital in the metropolitan region. The instrument used was the KEZKAK questionnaire, which consists of 9 dimensions and 41 items that measure the stressors of nursing students in clinical practices. It consists of a high reliability of Cronbach's α, 0.95. Results: The average age of the participants was 24 years, 32 (97%) of whom were female. 55% of the nursing interns studied show a HIGH level of concern in the clinical field. Regarding academic stressors, 73% correspond to impotence and uncertainty and 70% to lack of skills. In emotional stressors, a very high percentage stands out: "does not control the relationship with the patient" (52%), "the patient seeks an intimate relationship" (55%). The overburden factor means MEDIUM level of concern for 55% of inmates. Conclusions: A HIGH level of general concern was found among nursing interns about the stressors measured in the KEZKAK. The following stand out: powerlessness and uncertainty and lack of competition. The relationship with the nurse, the tutor of clinical practice, appears as a determinant of positive or negative situations; It is recommended to develop instances of collaboration between academia and health institutions, to intervene in the stressors that their students are subjected to in the clinical field. Students should be psychologically prepared to face the professional internship with better tools.