Hacia una mejor protección del consumidor en el mercado financiero chileno: factores, desafíos y oportunidades
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Fecha
2024
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Perfil ORCID
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Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Derecho
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Resumen
Tanto en el derecho del consumidor como en el contexto de una sociedad de consumo, el consumidor financiero juega un papel fundamental, siendo este la parte débil de la contratación al relacionarse con las diversas y complejas instituciones financieras.
La presente memoria tiene por objetivo analizar la situación actual de la protección al consumidor financiero, con especial atención a las distintas modificaciones de las Ley N°19.496, de modo de determinar si han sido suficientes para salvaguardar de manera efectiva a este tipo de consumidor, quienes están expuestos a numerosos riesgos y prácticas desleales.
Luego se profundizará en los distintos factores que influyen en la desprotección, siendo cuatro aspectos cruciales: la publicidad engañosa, los contratos de adhesión financieros y sus cláusulas abusivas, la falta de transparencia y la deficiencia en la información al momento de contratar el usuario con la entidad en cuestión, y, por último, la falta de educación financiera en nuestro país y lo mucho que esta afecta al momento de detectar prácticas que atentan contra sus derechos e intereses.
También examinaremos jurisprudencia de los diversos tribunales, Juzgados de Policía Local de nuestro país, junto con los tribunales superiores, y procedimientos voluntarios colectivos. Además, nos adentraremos en el ámbito del derecho comparado, el cual puede brindar soluciones potenciales a las problemáticas expuestas, estudiando diversas legislaciones y mecanismos empleados para proteger a los consumidores financieros.
Por último, abordaremos los desafíos futuros que aguardan al consumidor financiero en el vertiginoso escenario de cambios, para cuestionar la eficacia y coherencia de las políticas y normas actualmente vigentes.
"In the realm of consumer law and within the context of a consumer society, the financial consumer assumes a pivotal role, often finding themselves in a position of vulnerability within contractual relationship when engaging with multitude of intricate financial institutions. This thesis aims to meticulously scrutinize the contemporary landscape of financial consumer protection, with specific emphasis on the various amendments to Law No. 19,496. Its primary objective is to discern the efficacy of these amendments in effectively safeguarding this segment of consumer who are exposed to myriad risk and unfair practices. Subsequently, attention will be directed towards an exhaustive exploration of the multifaceted factors contributing to this deficiency in protection. Focusing on four critical factors: deceptive advertising practices; financial adhesion contracts and their abusive clauses; the lack of transparency and insufficient information inherent in consumer interactions with pertinent entities; and the deficiency in financial literacy in our country and its consequential impact on consumers’ discernment of infringements upon their rights and interests. Moreover, this study will analyze jurisprudence from the various courts, including Local Police Courts and superior courts, alongside voluntary collective procedures within our country. Furthermore, it will explore comparative law to identify potential solutions to the issues presented, examining various legislations and mechanism employed to protect financial consumers in the other jurisdictions. Lastly, we will address the prospective challenges confronting financial consumer in the swiftly evolving landscape, aiming to scrutinize the efficacy and coherence of the currently enforced policies and regulations."
"In the realm of consumer law and within the context of a consumer society, the financial consumer assumes a pivotal role, often finding themselves in a position of vulnerability within contractual relationship when engaging with multitude of intricate financial institutions. This thesis aims to meticulously scrutinize the contemporary landscape of financial consumer protection, with specific emphasis on the various amendments to Law No. 19,496. Its primary objective is to discern the efficacy of these amendments in effectively safeguarding this segment of consumer who are exposed to myriad risk and unfair practices. Subsequently, attention will be directed towards an exhaustive exploration of the multifaceted factors contributing to this deficiency in protection. Focusing on four critical factors: deceptive advertising practices; financial adhesion contracts and their abusive clauses; the lack of transparency and insufficient information inherent in consumer interactions with pertinent entities; and the deficiency in financial literacy in our country and its consequential impact on consumers’ discernment of infringements upon their rights and interests. Moreover, this study will analyze jurisprudence from the various courts, including Local Police Courts and superior courts, alongside voluntary collective procedures within our country. Furthermore, it will explore comparative law to identify potential solutions to the issues presented, examining various legislations and mechanism employed to protect financial consumers in the other jurisdictions. Lastly, we will address the prospective challenges confronting financial consumer in the swiftly evolving landscape, aiming to scrutinize the efficacy and coherence of the currently enforced policies and regulations."
Descripción
Memoria (Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas)--Universidad Finis Terrae, 2024
Lugar de Publicación
Santiago, Chile
Sponsorship
Citación
Palabras clave
SISTEMA FINANCIERO, PROTECCIÓN AL CONSUMIDOR, DERECHOS DEL CONSUMIDOR -- CHILE
Licencia
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)