Significados y percepciones del rol de tutoría desde la perspectiva del tutor clínico de enfermería en un hospital de trauma de Santiago

Abstract

Background: Clinical mentoring is a fundamental activity in the training of healthcare professionals. Nursing tutors play a crucial role in training, guiding and supporting students during their training process. The research will focus on understanding the tutors' vision of their role in a Trauma Hospital in Santiago, where there are no studies on the subject. Objective: To understand the perception and meaning given by clinical tutors to the role they play with nursing students who are in the final stage of their undergraduate training during their hospital internship. Design: Qualitative design with a descriptive phenomenological approach. Methods: Evaluator with partial immersion, participants selected according to inclusion/exclusion criteria; the sample was heterogeneous; data collection was carried out until saturation. Data collection was by semi-structured interview validated by experts; analysis by Colaizzi and validation with participants. Results: A total of seven nurses participated in the study. Seven categories and twenty-one major themes emerged from the analysis. Concepts such as motivation and consent to be a tutor; characteristics such as responsibility, empathy and trust; responsibilities associated with the role such as knowledge transfer, learning by doing, putting theory into practice and learning to "be a nurse" stand out as achievements associated with the student. Warning signs appear, such as previous bad experiences, lived both by students in previous internships and by tutors in their undergraduate stage, which determine the development of the process. Discussions and conclusions: Mentoring involves conveying to students what it is to "be a nurse," including skills acquired in practice, not just technical mastery. Tutors seek to change past negative experiences and avoid repeating patterns. Workload is recognized as a factor that hinders mentoring, while teamwork is considered a protective factor.