Factibilidad de un entrenamiento contralateral excéntrico-acentuado y concéntrico-excéntrico sobre la función muscular de la extremidad inmovilizada en individuos jóvenes sanos. Un estudio piloto

Abstract

Immobilization has been considered as a part of the treatment in some musculoskeletal injuries specifically in acute stages, such as glenohumeral dislocations, humerus or clavicle fractures and acromioclavicular disjunctions. However, this treatment generates deleterious effects on the neuromuscular system such as loss of strength, decreased arm perimeter, termination of joint position sensation (SPA), increased muscle atrophy. An applied method is proposed to counteract these deleterious effects and optimize the intervention time. In this way, contralateral training arises which consists of transferring neuromuscular gains from one hemibody to the other, with the accentuated eccentric exercise generating a greater result of these gains. This pilot study pretends to describe the effects of immobilization, accentuated eccentric training (EXC-ACC) and coupled eccentric concentric training (EXC-CON) on the contralateral limb, through cross-education (CE). Four participants divided into four groups were used: Control (CTRL); immobilization only (INMOV); INMOV + EXC-CON exercise and INMOV + EXC-ACC exercise, where the subject trained with EXC-ACC exercise obtained the greatest gains associated with neuromuscular function in the immobilized non-dominant arm, with 1RM +20%, CIVM +69%, CVDM flexor CONC +18.2%, SPA -90%. It seems that this protocol with this methodology is feasible for its development with a higher number of subjects, because the established standards were clearly observed: use the sling for eight hours and complete assistance in all training sessions. Thus, the results shown by each subject are expected and logical based on the intervention characteristic.