Factibilidad de un entrenamiento contralateral excéntrico-acentuado y concéntrico-excéntrico sobre la función muscular de la extremidad inmovilizada en individuos jóvenes sanos. Un estudio piloto
Date
2021
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Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Medicina
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Abstract
La inmovilización ha sido planteada como parte del tratamiento en algunas lesiones musculoesqueléticas en etapas agudas, como las luxaciones glenohumerales, fractura de húmero o clavícula y disyunciones acromioclaviculares. Sin embargo, la inmovilización genera efectos deletéreos sobre el sistema neuromuscular, como la pérdida de fuerza, disminución del perímetro de brazo, alteración de la sensación de posición articular (SPA), aumento de la atrofia muscular, etc. Se propone aplicar un método para contrarrestar dichos efectos deletéreos y optimizar el tiempo de intervención. De este modo, surge el entrenamiento contralateral, que consiste en transferir las ganancias neuromusculares de un hemicuerpo al otro, siendo el ejercicio excéntrico acentuado quien genera un mayor resultado de estas ganancias. Este estudio piloto, tiene como propósito describir los efectos de la inmovilización, del entrenamiento excéntrico acentuado (EXC-ACC) y del entrenamiento excéntrico concéntrico acoplado (EXC-CON) sobre la extremidad contralateral, mediante la educación cruzada (EC). Se utilizaron 4 participantes divididos en 4 grupos: Control (CTRL); solo inmovilización (INMOV); INMOV + ejercicio EXC-CON e INMOV + EXC-ACC, donde el sujeto entrenado con ejercicio EXC-ACC obtuvo las mayores ganancias asociadas a la función neuromuscular en el brazo no dominante inmovilizado, con 1RM +20%, CIVM +69%, CVDM CONC de flexores +18,2%, SPA -90%. Parece ser que este protocolo, con esta metodología, es factible para su desarrollo con un N mayor, porque se cumplieron los estándares establecidos, en cuanto al uso del cabestrillo por 8 horas diarias y asistencia a todas las sesiones de entrenamiento y, por lo tanto, los resultados que muestra cada sujeto es esperable y lógico en base a la intervención.
Immobilization has been considered as a part of the treatment in some musculoskeletal injuries specifically in acute stages, such as glenohumeral dislocations, humerus or clavicle fractures and acromioclavicular disjunctions. However, this treatment generates deleterious effects on the neuromuscular system such as loss of strength, decreased arm perimeter, termination of joint position sensation (SPA), increased muscle atrophy. An applied method is proposed to counteract these deleterious effects and optimize the intervention time. In this way, contralateral training arises which consists of transferring neuromuscular gains from one hemibody to the other, with the accentuated eccentric exercise generating a greater result of these gains. This pilot study pretends to describe the effects of immobilization, accentuated eccentric training (EXC-ACC) and coupled eccentric concentric training (EXC-CON) on the contralateral limb, through cross-education (CE). Four participants divided into four groups were used: Control (CTRL); immobilization only (INMOV); INMOV + EXC-CON exercise and INMOV + EXC-ACC exercise, where the subject trained with EXC-ACC exercise obtained the greatest gains associated with neuromuscular function in the immobilized non-dominant arm, with 1RM +20%, CIVM +69%, CVDM flexor CONC +18.2%, SPA -90%. It seems that this protocol with this methodology is feasible for its development with a higher number of subjects, because the established standards were clearly observed: use the sling for eight hours and complete assistance in all training sessions. Thus, the results shown by each subject are expected and logical based on the intervention characteristic.
Immobilization has been considered as a part of the treatment in some musculoskeletal injuries specifically in acute stages, such as glenohumeral dislocations, humerus or clavicle fractures and acromioclavicular disjunctions. However, this treatment generates deleterious effects on the neuromuscular system such as loss of strength, decreased arm perimeter, termination of joint position sensation (SPA), increased muscle atrophy. An applied method is proposed to counteract these deleterious effects and optimize the intervention time. In this way, contralateral training arises which consists of transferring neuromuscular gains from one hemibody to the other, with the accentuated eccentric exercise generating a greater result of these gains. This pilot study pretends to describe the effects of immobilization, accentuated eccentric training (EXC-ACC) and coupled eccentric concentric training (EXC-CON) on the contralateral limb, through cross-education (CE). Four participants divided into four groups were used: Control (CTRL); immobilization only (INMOV); INMOV + EXC-CON exercise and INMOV + EXC-ACC exercise, where the subject trained with EXC-ACC exercise obtained the greatest gains associated with neuromuscular function in the immobilized non-dominant arm, with 1RM +20%, CIVM +69%, CVDM flexor CONC +18.2%, SPA -90%. It seems that this protocol with this methodology is feasible for its development with a higher number of subjects, because the established standards were clearly observed: use the sling for eight hours and complete assistance in all training sessions. Thus, the results shown by each subject are expected and logical based on the intervention characteristic.
Description
Tesis (Licenciado en Kinesiología)--Universidad Finis Terrae, 2021
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Santiago, Chile
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Citation
Keywords
INMOVILIZACIÓN, EXTREMIDADES SUPERIORES--HERIDAS Y LESIONES, EJERCICIO EXCÉNTRICO ACENTUADO, ENTRENAMIENTO CONTRALATERAL
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Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)