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Role of nutritional interventions to reduce cardiometabolic disease burden in the community.
(Wolters Kluwer Health, 2026-06-08) López-Arana, Sandra; Rincón-Cervera, Miguel Ángel; Pereyra-González, Isabel
Purpose of review: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death and disability, with most disability-adjusted life-years linked to modifiable risk factors. Nutrition is a scalable intervention that influences multiple cardiometabolic pathways. This review is timely because recent scientific statements and global policy frameworks highlight the need to prioritize dietary strategies in community settings to reduce CVD burden and promote equity. Recent findings: Community-based nutritional interventions in urban settings, neighborhoods and workplaces effectively reach underserved populations by leveraging trust and cultural relevance. Dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean and DASH diets have demonstrated improvements in blood pressure, lipid profiles, and inflammation. New approaches, including intermittent fasting and the EAT-Lancet reference diet, broaden prevention options. Policy actions such as taxes, nutrition labeling, and healthier procurement standards are recognized by the WHO as cost-effective measures. Summary: Community-based nutritional interventions reduce cardiometabolic risk and promote equity. Strategies include fiscal policies, healthier food environments, education, digital tools, and "Food Is Medicine" programs. Their success relies on cultural adaptation and stakeholder engagement. Evidence supports their capacity to shift norms, improve diets, and sustain long-term reductions in CVD burden.
Identification of a HOMA-IR cut-off point for cardiometabolic risk and modifiable risk factors in peruvian adolescents
(PLOS oNE, 0026-10-07) Curi-Quinto, Katherine; Vasquez, Fabian; Abad, Melissa; Lazarte, Fabiola; Penny, Mary; del Valle-Mendoza, Juana
Background: Although HOMA-IR is widely used to assess insulin resistance, reported cut-off values vary substantially across population, particularly during adolescence. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of HOMA-IR values. identify a HOMA-IR cut-off associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), and assess modifiable risk factors of IR in a longitudinal cohort of Peruvian adolescents. Methods: We performed a secondary data analysis from a longitudinal adolescent’s study. A sample of 371 adolescents (14.5±0.1 years old) from low- medium socioeconomic status. ROC curve analysis was used to identify the specific cut-off point to classify IR using the sensitivity and specificity values in comparison with the MS. Multiple logistic regression analysis including diet, physical activity and body composition from adolescence, excess weight during infancy and family history of non-chronic disease was included to identify risk factors (FHCD) associated with IR. Results: The HOMA-IR was 3.29 (SD 1.71) with no differences by sex. We identified 3.9 for HOMA-IR as the cut-off point with sensitivity (72.4%) and specificity (75.4%) for predicting MS. IR was present in 28.6% (95% CI 24.2;33.4%); 84% had at least one cardiometabolic risk factor and low HDL and abdominal obesity were the most prevalent (62 and 35%, respectively). Adolescents with higher fat mass index (OR 16.03, 95% CI 6.79 to 37.86), and those physically inactive (OR 2.08 95% CI 1.06 to 4.07) were more likely to have IR. No association was found with diet, excess weight at infancy and FHCD. Conclusions: A cut-offs point of 3.9 for HOMA-IR allows to identify adolescents with high metabolic risk. Strategies to promote lower FMI and improve the physical activity levels could reduce the risk of IR in adolescents.
Mapping Sweet Potato Global Research for Sustainable Food Systems: A Bibliometric Perspective.
(MDPI, 2026-03-12) Rincón-Cervera, Miguel Ángel; López-Arana, Sandra; Costa de Camargo, Adriano; Guil-Guerrero, José Luis; de las Heras-Roger, Jesús; Díaz-Romero, Carlos
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has become a relevant crop in global research due to its remarkable resilience to abiotic stress, richness in bioactive compounds, nutritional relevance, and growing importance within sustainability and circular economy frameworks. This study conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific production indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, mapping how research links the crop's biochemical properties with sustainability-oriented innovation. Literature on bioactive compounds, food waste management, circular economy strategies, and by-product valorization was examined through keyword co-occurrence, authorship networks, citation patterns, and thematic clustering. Results reveal a rapidly expanding research landscape over the past decade, with strong connections between phytochemical composition, health benefits, sustainable cultivation, and industrial applications. Biology, Chemistry, and Food Science emerged as the most interconnected areas. Collaboration networks remain fragmented, and high-income countries achieve disproportionate citation impact, underscoring structural inequalities. Theoretically, this study contributes to understanding how sweet potato research consolidates as a multidisciplinary field aligned with global sustainability goals. Practically, it highlights opportunities to strengthen equitable international collaboration, advance circular economy approaches, and integrate biotechnology with environmental sustainability to support more resilient food systems.
Prebiotic Potential of Brewer’s Spent Grain Residual Solid After Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Evidence from a Colonic Fermentation Study
(MDPI, 2026-07-03) Vargas-Straube, María José
Brewer’s spent grain (BSG), the main by-product of the brewing industry, is a rich source of arabinoxylans (AXs) and hydroxycinnamic acids, particularly ferulic acid (FA), which contribute to its prebiotic potential. This study evaluates the prebiotic properties of residual solid from an enzymatically treated BSG, compared to the properties of BSG as a non-enzymatically hydrolyzed control. Although the residual solid exhibited total polyphenol (2581.96 ± 70.63 mg/100 g dry weight) and FA (180.84 ± 3.28 mg/100 g dry weight) contents comparable to those of the non-hydrolyzed control (2500.38 ± 284.20 and 179.59 ± 3.30 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively), the AX content was significantly higher (14,084.81 ± 185.72 mg/100 g), accompanied by a lower degree of feruloylation (12.84 ± 0.23 mg FA/g AX), higher antioxidant activity (64,825.35 ± 4011.24 μmol TE/100 g), and structural changes visualized by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, in vitro colonic fermentation showed a delayed butyrogenic profile, with increased butyrate production compared to the control (3.17 ± 1.44 mM). Microbiota analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) coupled with flow cytometry indicated an increase in butyrate-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (+5.90) and Eubacterium rectale (+6.88). Growth of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium spp. was also promoted. Overall, these findings suggest that enzymatic processing of BSG can generate a residual solid with modified structural characteristics and potential prebiotic functionality, supporting its potential application as a fermentable flour ingredient in functional foods.
Estimating acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural levels in crackers using computer vision: Effects on consumer acceptance
(MDPI, 2026-06-04) Pedreschi, Franco
Crackers are a popular and convenient snack; however, the baking process can produce neo-formed contaminants (NFCs), such as acrylamide (AA) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), through non-enzymatic browning reactions. Conventional analytical methods for quantifying these NFCs are complex, labor-intensive, and require specialized personnel. The main objective of this study was to develop computer vision (CV) models based on surface digital image analysis for the rapid prediction of AA and HMF in crackers. Therefore, five baking temperatures (160, 170, 180, 190, and 200 ◦C) and times (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 min) were tested and analyzed using CV alongside conventional analytical methods. CV estimates and analytical measurements for AA (4.35–829 μg kg−1) and HMF (0.004–105.4 mg kg−1) contents were compared using cross-validation with a “leave-onetreatment- out” approach. The average error for missing measurements was 3.10% for AA and 3.28% for HMF, validating CV as an efficient tool for the rapid estimation of these NFCs in crackers. Among the cracker samples with AA content below the EU benchmark of 400 μg/kg, evaluated using the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) test, consumers preferred the samples baked at 180 ◦C for 25 min, which also exhibited the lowest levels of both AA and HMF.
A novel high-throughput method for acrylamide determination in potato chips by high-perfomrmance thin-layer chromatography coupled to fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection
(Springer Nature) Patiño-Arias, Lina
Acrylamide (AA) is a probable human carcinogen present in several highly consumed starchy foods like potato chips. Due to the lack of important chromophore groups in its chemical structure, it is generally derivatized to be detected by ultravio let (UV) or fluorescence (FL). The objective of this work was to develop a novel high-throughput high-performance thin layer chromatography method to determine AA in starchy foods using the fluorescent probe 7-mercapto-4-methylcoumarin (7M4MC). The main derivatization factors for AA and N,N-Dimethylacrylamide (DMAA, internal standard) were optimized using a Face-centered Central Composite Design, establishing the following optimal conditions: temperature (50 °C), time (10 min), and catalyst concentration (0.5 mmol/L of 4-dimethylaminopyridine). Chromatography was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates using a mobile phase composed of dichloromethane, acetic acid, and acetone (94.5: 3.9: 1.6 v/v/v). The analytical method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Analytical response in the range from 5 to 400 ng/band showed an R2 > 0.998. Repeatability and intermediate precision showed RSD values lower than 7% and 5%, respectively. Mean recovery was 74.43 ± 5.83% (RSD < 8%) and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 92.04 µg/kg and 318.58 µg/kg (0.13 and 0.45 ng/band), respectively. The proposed method exhibited similar results to conventional LC–MS/MS method, offering some advantages like affordability and high-throughput analysis. Overall, the proposed HPTLC method could be a suitable alternative for determining AA in starchy food samples.
Improved extraction of phenolic compounds from fruits, leaves, and stems of Ugni candollei B. and Ugni molinae T. using pressurized aqueous glycerol
(Elsevier, 2026-02-26) Fuentes-Jorquera, Natalia
This study explores the polyphenolic composition and antioxidant potential of fruits, leaves, and stems from two Chilean murta species: Ugni molinae Turcz (red murta) and Ugni candollei Barm (white murta). While the fruits have been previously studied, limited information exists on the phytochemical content of leaves and, in particular, stems, representing a significant knowledge gap. To address this, polyphenols were extracted using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with an aqueous glycerol mixture and compared to conventional maceration with aqueous acetone. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that leaves yielded the highest extractable polyphenols (EPP; up to 131 mg GAE/g dried extract) via PLE, followed by stems and fruits. Antioxidant capacity, evaluated by DPPH and ORAC assays, was strongly correlated with EPP (Spearman coefficients: 0.870 and 0.818), with red murta leaf extracts exhibiting 90 % and 65 % higher antioxidant capacity than stems and fruits, respectively. UHPLC-ESI-MS-QTOF identified 37 phenolic compounds with organ-specific distribution: flavonols and anthocyanins in fruits, myricetin and tannins (corilagin) in leaves, and catechin and dihydroflavonols in stems. Notably, murta stems previously uncharacterized proved to be valuable sources of unique polyphenols that complement those found in fruits and leaves. PLE significantly improved the extraction of certain bioactive compounds from leaves and stems (e.g., quinic acid 71 %, gallic acid 33 %, catechin 13 %), while conventional maceration was more effective for selected fruit compounds (e.g., quercetin-3-O-glucuronide 37 %). These findings expand the phytochemical knowledge of Ugni spp. and support the valorization of underutilized plant parts as functional ingredients for food and nutraceutical applications.
Perfil del Observatorio Nutricional Nestlé-Universidad Finis Terrae: percepciones y prácticas alimentarias en niños, niñas y adolescentes en Chile
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2025-12-31) Bustos-Arriagada, Edson
Introducción: El Observatorio Nutricional Nestlé –Universidad Finis Terrae surge como respuesta a la limitada información disponible sobre la alimentación, nutrición y estilos de vida en niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) chilenos. Objetivo: Describir las características del observatorio nutricional Nestlé-Finis Terrae y los principales hallazgos del período 2022-2024. Sujetos y métodos: A través de encuestas telefónicas estructuradas a personas adultas que se identifican como padres o madres de niños, niñas y adolescentes entre 2 y 15 años, residentes en Chile, se ha monitoreado desde el año 2022 el comportamiento alimentario y estilos de vida de padres, cuidadores y sus hijos. Resultados: Entre los principales hallazgos destaca una elevada percepción de alimentación equilibrada a nivel familiar, con valores relativamente estables entre 2022 y 2024: 57% (intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC 95%: 52,9–61,0) en 2022, 51% (IC 95%: 46,9–55,1) en 2023 y 56% (IC 95%: 51,9–60,0) en 2024. Se observó un aumento sostenido de la improvisación alimentaria, desde 51% en 2022 a 60% en 2024. La preocupación por los precios de los alimentos también creció, de 17% en 2023 a 25% en 2024. En 2023 se registró el mayor nivel de percepción de alergias e intolerancias no diagnosticadas (33%, IC 95%: 29,2–36,9). Además, se identificó una subestimación del estado nutricional real de los hijos y bajo cumplimiento de las recomendaciones sobre actividad física y uso de pantallas. Conclusión: El observatorio se caracteriza por una metodología estandarizada y la continuidad anual en la recolección de datos, lo que permite disponer de información consistente sobre percepciones en salud y nutrición infantil. Aunque el uso de datos autorreportados representa una limitación, los resultados obtenidos constituyen un insumo relevante para el diseño de políticas públicas y estrategias educativas orientadas a promover hábitos de vida más saludables en la infancia y adolescencia chilena. Introduction: The Nestlé–Universidad Finis Terrae Nutritional Observatory was created in response to the limited information available on the diet, nutrition, and lifestyles of Chilean children and adolescents. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the Nestlé–Finis Terrae Nutritional Observatory and the main findings from the 2022–2024 period. Subjects and methods: Since 2022, structured telephone surveys have been conducted with adults who identify as parents of children and adolescents aged 2 to 15 years, residing in Chile. These surveys monitor the eating behaviors and lifestyle habits of parents, caregivers, and their children. Results: One of the main findings was a high perception of balanced family nutrition, with relatively stable values across the years: 57% (95% confidence interval, CI 95%: 52.9–61.0) in 2022, 51% (CI 95%: 46.9–55.1) in 2023, and 56% (CI 95%: 51.9–60.0) in 2024. A steady increase in improvised eating was observed, rising from 51% in 2022 to 60% in 2024. Concern about food prices also grew, from 17% in 2023 to 25% in 2024. In 2023, the highest level of rerceived undiagnosed allergies and intolerances was recorded (33%, CI 95%: 29.2–36.9). Additionally, there was evidence of underestimation of children’s actual nutritional status and low adherence to recommendations regarding physical activity and screen time. Conclusion: The observatory is distinguished by its standardized methodology and annual data collection, providing consistent information on perceptions related to child health and nutrition. Although the use of self-reported data is a limitation, the findings offer valuable input for the development of public policies and educational strategies aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles among Chilean children and adolescents.
Prevalence and determinants of energy drink consumption among chilean adolescents
(MPDI, 2025-11-05) López-Arana, Sandra
Background: Energy drink (ED) consumption has increased significantly among adolescents worldwide, constituting a high-risk behavior with important public health implications. These beverages are associated with cardiovascular disturbances, sleep disorders, anxiety symptoms, and risky behaviors, especially when combined with alcohol. In Chile, monthly per capita ED consumption among individuals aged 14 to 30 increased ninefold between 2010 and 2020. Objectives: To examine the prevalence of ED consumption and its associated determinants among Chilean adolescents enrolled in grade eight through grade twelve. Methods: Data were drawn from the national representative survey 2023 entitled Fifteenth National Study on the School Population of Chile (ENPE). The final sample included 45,042 adolescents. Besides descriptive analyses, both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics, parental presence, monitoring, and ED consumption outcomes. Results: Lifetime prevalence of ED consumption was 71.0%, with higher rates in females (72.8%) than males (69.4%). Past-month consumption was reported by 46.2%, with a higher prevalence in males (48.3%) than females (43.9%). Lifetime consumption of ED mixed with alcohol (AmED) was 23.2%, being more frequent among females (26.4%) than males (19.9%). Age, grade level, and indigenous identity were consistently associated with higher odds of consumption. Parental monitoring and involvement indicators were inversely associated with both ED and AmED consumption. Conclusions: This study reveals a high prevalence of ED consumption among Chilean adolescents, with notable gender differences. Family protective factors, particularly parental monitoring and cohesion, emerge as key determinants of this risky behavior and warrant prioritization in public health prevention efforts.
Association Between Exclusive Breastfeeding, Nutritional Status and Eating Behavior, in Chilean Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study
(MPDI, 2025-10-31) Lasserre-Laso, Nicole
Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to six months and both nutritional status and eating behavior in Chilean schoolchildren aged 5 to 8 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 109 children aged 8–10 years from three cities in Chile. EBF was assessed retrospectively through caregiver questionnaires. Eating behavior was evaluated using the Spanish version of the CEBQ. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and waist circumference) were obtained following a standardized protocol to determine nutritional status and waistto-height ratio. Differences between EBF and non-EBF groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Eating behavior scores for pro-intake (“food approach”) were strongly associated with obesity among non-EBF children (ratio = 1.24, p = 0.001). Children with abdominal obesity who were not EBF showed higher scores for food approach behaviors (ratio = 1.22, p = 0.011). A significant trend was observed in the subscale Enjoyment of Food and Emotional vereating in children with obesity (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008), abdominal obesity (p = 0.031 and p = 0.017), and cardiometabolic risk (p = 0.036 and p = 0.049) in the non-EBF group, compared to those who were EBF up to 6 months of age. Conclusions: Scores reflecting a tendency toward higher food intake were strongly associated with obesity and other obesity-related parameters in children who did not experience EBF during early childhood. Having been exclusively breastfed, regardless of current nutritional status, was associated with lower scores on pro-obesity behaviors.
Biomarkers of oxidative stress in maternal plasma, umbilical cord and placenta of patients with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Elsevier, 2025-05-06) Etchegaray-Armijo, Karina
Objective: To determine the association between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and oxidative stress biomarkers in the mother, placenta, and newborn. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and the Web of Science database without language restrictions. The search was updated on December 28, 2023, and included reports published between 1998 and 2021. Two independent reviewers performed article selection and data extraction. Results: Our findings show a significant increase in malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostane levels in the maternal plasma and placenta of women with GDM compared to those without GDM (SMD [95 % CI] = 1.99 [1.51, 2.48], Tau2 = 1.51, I 2 = 94 %, p < 0.00001; SMD [95 % CI] = 1.90 [0.08, 2.72], Tau2 = 1.14, I 2 = 93 %, p < 0.00001, respectively). Additionally, there was a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in maternal plasma (SMD [95 % CI] = − 2.80 [-5.23, − 0.36], Tau2 = 7.56, I 2 = 98 %, p < 0.00001). However, no significant changes in SOD were observed in the placenta or the umbilical cord blood of offspring from women with GDM (SMD [95 % CI] = − 1.79 [-4.66, 1.07], Tau2 = 6.23, I 2 = 97 %, p < 0.00001; SMD [95 % CI] = − 1.07 [-3.37, 1.24], Tau2 = 5.31, I 2 = 97 %, p < 0.00001, respectively).
Food labelling in India: a scoping review of consumer engagement,comprehension, and purchase behaviour
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-11-11) Pahlani, Maneesha
Amid rising packaged food consumption in India and its associated health risks – including obesityand non-communicable diseases – this scoping review synthesised India-specific evidence onconsumer awareness, comprehension, and behavioural responses to food labels on pre-packagedproducts. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysesextension for Scoping Reviews checklist and Arksey and O’Malley framework, five databases(PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL) and Google Scholar were searched forpeer-reviewed primary studies conducted in India between 2014 and 2024. Studies were included ifthey assessed food label literacy, interpretation, or use in purchase behaviour in Indian settings.Thirty-two studies were included, covering diverse populations and geographic settings.Bibliometric synthesis showed a predominance of cross-sectional knowledge, attitudes, and prac-tices studies, with limited experimental or multidisciplinary research. Findings were organised intothree analytical themes: a) determinants of food label literacy, including socio-demographic andcognitive factors; b) consumer perceptions of label components, their placement on packaging,visual appeal, and cognitive utility; and c) behavioural implications of label engagement and itsperceived influence on purchase intentions. Evidence from this review highlights persistent gapsbetween label awareness, engagement, and purchase intentions. To inform policy and practice –and to advance Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Target 3.4 – reducing premature mortality fromnon-communicable diseases) & Goal 12 (Target 12.8 – promoting awareness and informationaccess) – future research should prioritise experimental and implementation-focused designstailored to India’s demographic, cultural, and market heterogeneity.
Prevalence and determinants of energy drink consumption among chilean adolescents
(MDPI, 2025-11-05) López-Arana, Sandra
Background: Energy drink (ED) consumption has increased significantly among adolescents worldwide, constituting a high-risk behavior with important public health implications. These beverages are associated with cardiovascular disturbances, sleep disorders, anxiety symptoms, and risky behaviors, especially when combined with alcohol. In Chile, monthly per capita ED consumption among individuals aged 14 to 30 increased ninefold between 2010 and 2020. Objectives: To examine the prevalence of ED consumption and its associated determinants among Chilean adolescents enrolled in grade eight through grade twelve. Methods: Data were drawn from the national representative survey 2023 entitled Fifteenth National Study on the School Population of Chile (ENPE). The final sample included 45,042 adolescents. Besides descriptive analyses, both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics, parental presence, monitoring, and ED consumption outcomes. Results: Lifetime prevalence of ED consumption was 71.0%, with higher rates in females (72.8%) than males (69.4%). Past-month consumption was reported by 46.2%, with a higher prevalence in males (48.3%) than females (43.9%). Lifetime consumption of ED mixed with alcohol (AmED) was 23.2%, being more frequent among females (26.4%) than males (19.9%). Age, grade level, and indigenous identity were consistently associated with higher odds of consumption. Parental monitoring and involvement indicators were inversely associated with both ED and AmED consumption. Conclusions: This study reveals a high prevalence of ED consumption among Chilean adolescents, with notable gender differences. Family protective factors, particularly parental monitoring and cohesion, emerge as key determinants of this risky behavior and warrant prioritization in public health prevention efforts.
Formación integral para la sostenibilidad alimentaria: una asignatura pendiente en Latinoamérica
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2025-10-31) Rincón-Cervera, Miguel Ángel
La sostenibilidad constituye un eje estratégico para abordar los desafíos relacionados con los sistemas alimentarios a nivel local, nacional, regional y global. Fenómenos como la sindemia global y la triple crisis planetaria representan actualmente serias amenazas para los sistemas alimentarios, y en este escenario, la implementación de prácticas sostenibles y el uso de nuevas tecnologías para garantizar una alimentación adecuada sin comprometer los recursos y el bienestar de las futuras generaciones es de vital importancia. En Latinoamérica, las universidades deben liderar la formación de talento humano interdisciplinario mediante programas de Magíster accesibles y con un enfoque integral, que promuevan la articulación entre la academia, la industria, la sociedad y las instituciones de gobierno para avanzar en el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Agenda 2030. Sustainability is a strategic focus for addressing challenges related to food systems at the local, national, regional, and global levels. Phenomena such as the global syndemic and the triple planetary crisis currently pose serious threats to food systems. In this scenario, the implementation of sustainable practices and the use of new technologies to ensure adequate nutrition without compromising resources and the well-being of future generations is of vital importance. In Latin America, universities must lead the training of interdisciplinary human capital through accessible Master’s programs with a comprehensive approach that promote coordination between academia, industry, society, and government institutions to advance the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda.
Mortalidad por desnutrición en adultos: Inequidad por nivel educativo en Colombia, 1998-2015
(Universidad del Norte, 2025-05-06) Vásquez-Escobar, Laura
A pesar de la alta carga de mortalidad por desnutrición entre adultos, tanto en Colombia como a nivel mundial, los estudios sobre esta problemática son escasos, más aún sobre su desigual distribución socioeconómica. Materiales y métodos: Mediante un estudio ecológico se calcularon Tasas de Mortalidad Estandarizadas por Edad (TMEE), por nivel educativo, sexo y grupos quinquenales de edad. Mediante regresión de Poisson se calcularon el Riesgo Relativo (RR), tomando el grupo de mayor nivel educativo como referencia, y el Índice Relativo de Inequidad (IRI). Los cambios durante el periodo de las TMEE y el IRI se evaluaron con el Cambio Porcentual Anual (CPA) usando análisis joinpoint para identificar los puntos de inflexión. Resultados: De 9631 muertes debidas a desnutrición en adultos (25 o más años), 42 % fueron entre hombres y 58 % entre mujeres. Las TMEE fueron mayores entre adultos mayores (65 años y más, hombres y mujeres). Las mujeres tienen mayor IRI, principalmente adultas jóvenes (IRI = 6.64). El IRI aumentó +5.6 % en hombres (p<0,05) versus +4.8 % en mujeres (p<0,05) para todo el periodo de estudio. Conclusiones: Es vital fortalecer programas de salud que incorporen la atención a la desnutrición no solamente en niños, sino en población adulta.
Assessing the Alignment of Chilean Food-Based Dietary Guidelines on Cancer Prevention: A Content Analysis
(MDPI, 2025-05-13) Ortega-Guzmán, Alejandra
Cancer is a multifactorial disease. Evidence suggests that 30% to 50% of cancer incidence is linked to unhealthy behaviors. It is therefore important that dietary recommendations, including population-based dietary guidelines, and public policies be designed to support and facilitate healthier choices. We evaluated the alignment between the updated Chilean Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) and cancer prevention recommendations from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF/AICR) and the Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer (LAC-Code). Methods: A qualitative content analysis was performed based on the dissemination and technical documents from the updated Chilean FBDGs (2023), the WCRF/AICR and the LAC Code. A first set of codes was developed to evaluate the relevance of the messages with cancer prevention recommendations, and a second one aimed to characterize the food and diet recommendations included in cancer prevention recommendations and the Chilean FBDGs. Furthermore, we compared the 10 Chilean FBDG messages with the WCRF/AICR and the LAC Code recommendations. Results: The updated Chilean FBDG messages met most of the categories included. Four out of ten of the Chilean FBDG messages were directly aligned with LAC Code and the WCRF/AICR recommendations, five had an indirect relationship, and one was not related to any cancer recommendation. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the updated Chilean FBDG messages are most often indirectly aligned with the worldwide and the Latin American region cancer prevention recommendations over the role of diet, nutrition and physical activity in cancer risk among the general population.
Long‑term impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on physical activity and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness in south American adults: a multi‑country cross‑sectional online survey
(Springer Nature, 2025-08-04) Zuñiga Dourado, Víctor
Background Restriction measures during the COVID-19 pandemic may have reduced opportunities to engage in physical activity. This study explored the changes in self-reported physical activity level (PAL), risk factors, and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) among south American adults by comparing data reflecting the pre-pandemic period to data collected during the survey. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey between July 2021 through March 2022 using validated questionnaires (e.g., GPAQ and WHO-STEPS) on a convenience sample of 1,934 adults (68.7% women) from Argentina (n = 484), Brazil (n = 405), Chile (n = 279), Colombia (n = 343) and Uruguay (n = 423). We compared self-reported PAL, risk factors, and eCRF before the pandemic period and at the time of the survey (mean 842 days from the first reported case in each country). Data were presented as medians (interquartile range [IQR]) or means (95% confidence interval [CI]) for continuous variables and percentages for categorical ones. Paired data analyses were conducted using paired t-tests, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and McNamar’s tests, as applicable. Results We observed a decrease in PAL at work (median, 0 METs/min/week and interquartile range, [0—240] vs. 0 METs/min/week [0—30]; p = 0.032) and active transportation domains (0 METs/min/week [0—693] vs. 0 METs/min/ week [0—594]; p = 0.008). In addition, the median sedentary time on weekdays increased by 60 min/day (360 [240—540] vs 420 [240—600]; p < 0.001). We also observed an increase in the proportion of participants with hypertension (12.9 vs. 16.5%), diabetes (6.8 vs. 9.8%), dyslipidemia (18.9 to 24%), depression symptoms (14.4 to 15.4%) and obesity (15.4 to 18.2%) compared with pre-pandemic levels (all p-values < 0.05). The eCRF was significantly lower at the survey time compared with pre-pandemic levels (mean difference, -1.17 mL/min/kg (or 3.34%): 95% CI, -1.03 to -1.30) even after adjusting for age (-0.50 mL/min/kg (or 1.45%): 95% CI -0.37 to -0.64). Conclusions Across five countries in South America, social restriction policies to control the COVID-19 pandemic may have reduced physical activity and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness with no recovery until the survey time.
Alimentación laboral: ¿un derecho o un privilegio?
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2025-06-27) López-Arana, Sandra
La malnutrición por exceso se produce debido a una mayor ingesta calórica, caracterizada por un alto consumo de alimentos ricos en azúcares, sodio y grasas saturadas, así como un aumento en el consumo de alimentos procesados y ultra procesados. A esto se suma un menor gasto energético y un estilo de vida sedentario. En el entorno alimentario organizacional, definido como el lugar donde se venden o proporcionan alimentos a los trabajadores, estudiantes u otros miembros que se desempeñan en instituciones y organizaciones, estas conductas resultan preocupantes porque pueden impactar en la salud de los trabajadores, reduciendo su bienestar físico y mental y disminuyendo su rendimiento. Factores como el estrés, la falta de tiempo para una alimentación adecuada y la escasa disponibilidad de opciones saludables en el lugar de trabajo tienen efecto tanto en la productividad como en la calidad de vida de los trabajadores.
Integrated strategies for reducing acrylamide, 5-HMF, and furan in colored native and commercial potato chips: Synergistic effects of nutrient solution conductivity and pre-frying treatments
(Elsevier, 2025-08-26) García-Ríos, Diego
Potato chips are a dietary source of potentially carcinogenic neo-formed contaminants, including acrylamide, 5-HMF, and furan. To mitigate these compounds, an agronomic strategy was implemented by increasing the electrical conductivity (EC) of the fertigation solution (1.7 and 4.0 dS m⁻¹), considering two potato cultivars (Desiree and Michuñe negra) grown under controlled conditions across two seasons. Pre-frying treatments namely ultrasound (US) leaching and asparaginase (AW) application were applied before and after cold storage (5°C for 90days). Seasonality and storage significantly influenced contaminant levels. Increased EC reduced cold sweetening in Desiree but had limited effect on Michuñe negra. Combined with US, acrylamide levels decreased to below 750 µg kg⁻¹ in Desiree and 1000 µg kg⁻¹ in Michuñe negra. In addition, 5-HMF was reduced by 60% in Desiree and to undetectable levels in Michuñe negra, suggesting a synergistic effect of EC and US treatments. However, furan levels were not consistently reduced, likely due to distinct formation pathways.
Uso de pantallas en población infantil: ¿amigo o enemigo?
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2024-12-31) López-Arana, Sandra
Uno de los hallazgos del Tercer Observatorio Nutricional Nestlé por Niños Saludables- Universidad Finis Terrae e IPSOS, reveló que los niños y niñas de 2 a 5 años no cumplen con la recomendación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) de utilizar no más de una hora al día pantallas, ni dispositivos electrónicos. Esta situación empeora a medida que aumenta la edad, siendo los adolescentes quienes llegan a utilizar hasta 8,3 horas diarias de pantallas. El excesivo tiempo en pantallas de nuestros niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA), deriva de la amplia disponibilidad de estos dispositivos electrónicos, ya que en promedio usan hasta casi tres aparatos tecnológicos (celular, tablet o laptop, los que se reportaron con mayor frecuencia). La problemática del uso y abuso de pantallas por parte de NNA no solo se da en momentos libres u ocio, sino que incluso mientras comen, según relatan las madres, padres o cuidadoras/es. Esta situación va en contravía a lo recomendado en el mensaje número nueve de las recientes Guías Alimentarias (GABAS) para la población chilena que apunta: “En la mesa disfruta de tu alimentación, come acompañado cuando puedas y saca las pantallas.

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