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A map of collective pedagogical content knowledge as a basis for studying the development of biology teachers’ personal PCK of evolution
(Routledge, 2024-08-02) Vergara, Claudia; Bassaber, Arlette; Núñez Nieto, Paola; Becerra, Beatriz; Hurtado, Harold; Santibáñez Gómez, David; Cofré, Hernán
In the past few decades, a large body of research has been conducted on pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), but further empirical and theoretical studies are needed to enhance our understanding of PCK development. This study aimed to describe the development of PCK of evolution in a group of biology teachers using a modified version of the refined consensus model (Mixed Model), including the five components of PCK from the model elaborated by Magnusson et al. (1999). The qualitative research design involved multiple study cases, including semi- structured interviews and lesson plan meetings. A collective PCK (cPCK) map was generated via content representation interviews with six expert biology teachers and scholars. The ideas expressed by three or more experts were then included in the cPCK map, which was used to assess the personal PCK (pPCK) development of a different group of seven biology schoolteachers using three traits: map area, map shape, and the identity of the concepts included in the map. The findings show that the development of teachers’ pPCK was mainly due to the increase in the map area resulting from the inclusion of new concepts belonging to knowledge of students learning and to the knowledge associated with strategies.
Análisis de la atención visual de estudiantes a través de gafas espía
(Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, 2022-06) Farsani, Danyal; Villa-Ochoa, Jhony Alexander
La atención visual es un indicador importante en las interacciones entre docentes y estudiantes. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio que buscó determinar cómo fluctúa la atención visual que los estudiantes prestan a la persona docente durante sus clases de matemáticas e inglés y detectar posibles diferencias en dicha atención. El estudio se llevó a cabo en una escuela secundaria con una muestra de 16 estudiantes (varones). Los datos se obtuvieron a través de una mini cámara de video, montada sobre las gafas que son usadas por los estudiantes. A través del uso de imágenes de Google, analizamos de manera automática y objetiva 2613 fotogramas de las grabaciones en las que la persona docente de la clase aparecía en el campo visual de los estudiantes. Los resultados dan cuenta de la diferencia en la atención visual de los estudiantes entre los introvertidos y los extrovertidos durante los 90 minutos de clase. También se observó que los estudiantes estaban más comprometidos visualmente cuando el discurso de la persona docente estaba acompañado de gestos. Se destaca la importancia de diversificar las interacciones que busque otras formas de comprometer a los estudiantes en los últimos dos tercios de la clase. Algunas implicaciones para los programas de desarrollo profesional se derivan de este estudio.
Autorreflexión en la trayectoria docente: propuesta para su desarrollo desde el modelo SIC
(Universidad Técnica de Manabí, 2021-10-22) Luci-Arriagada, Gina; Haas Prieto, Valentina; Cárdenas Berrio, María Karla
El artículo aborda los principios fundamentales sobre los que se basa el modelo de autorreflexión SIC (Sentido – Intervención – Cierre). Dicho modelo se sustenta en los aportes teóricos de Zimmerman, fundamentalmente. Este modelo ofrece preguntas orientadoras a partir de tres fases de trabajo para el proceso de autorreflexión en la práctica docente como profesión. A partir de este modelo de carácter cualitativo, se plantea la necesidad de contar con una herramienta más operativa que permita medir desde el punto de vista de los docentes, la autorreflexión teniendo en cuenta varias dimensiones que involucran el saber práctico y la construcción del saber pedagógico en el proceso docente. Dicho instrumento ha sido confeccionado a partir de la experiencia de las autoras y la revisión bibliográfica, el que se ha validado en diversas instancias formativas.
Bibliometric analysis of pedagogical content knowledge: Countries, authors, and fields of knowledge
(Modestum, 2025-02-13) Santibáñez Gómez, David; Vega, Alejandro; Cofré, Hernán; Salas, Natalia; Adsuar, José
Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is a key construct that emerges as distinct from both pedagogical and disciplinary knowledge, essential for understanding how teacher training should be structured. Since its genesis, it has been the subject of thousands of studies, and although there are reviews within each disciplinary PCK area (e.g., PCK in mathematics), there are no bibliometric analyses that allow for the recognition of trends and gaps in productivity in the field of teaching in general. The aim of the present study was to identify such patterns through a review of high-impact specialized journals. For this purpose, 1,942 Web of Science articles were analyzed with various bibliometric parameters and digital visualization software. The results show a series of trends not described in previous literature. The implications for research on teacher training are discussed, considering the initial intent behind the construct's formulation and its relevance to contemporary educational challenges, and new lines of research are proposed.
Cuerpo dramatizado: una estrategia socioeducativa para la igualdad de género en educación primaria
(Juan Carlos Muñoz Díaz, 2024-10-02) Sánchez-Duque, Carmen Gloria; Chacón-Gordillo, Pedro; Barros-Rodríguez, Francisco
El presente estudio de caso, analiza la dramatización como una estrategia de enseñanza socioeducativa, la cual ha sido promovida en dos clases de 3° de Primaria en un colegio de España, introduciendo estrategias provenientes de la pedagogía teatral, concretamente del teatro de formas animadas, con el objetivo de valorar cómo los estudiantes son capaces de reflexionar sobre la igualdad de género a través de dramatizaciones que promueven el encuentro con el cuerpo expresivo, los objetos, el espacio y el colectivo. Demostrando esta formación teatral, la adquisición en los estudiantes para expresarse de manera corporizada y verbal sobre las desigualdades de género, adquiriendo en el proceso confianza en sí mismos, empatía y colaboración. Concluyendo que la dramatización es una estrategia que potencia el pensamiento y el accionar divergente, siendo una vía para lograr el autoconocimiento y repensar perspectivas de género.
Cultural historical analysis of Iranian school mathematics curriculum: the role of computational thinking
(Universitas Sriwijaya; Indonesian Mathematical Society (IndoMS), 2021-09) Rafiepour, Abolfazl; Farsani, Danyal
In this paper, six mathematics curriculum changes in Iran will be reviewed, spanning from 1900 until the present time. At first, change forces, barriers, and the main features of each curriculum reform will be represented. The first five curriculum changes are described briefly and the sixth and most recent curriculum reform will be elaborated. In this paper, we call the last reform as contemporary school mathematics curriculum change. This recent (contemporary) curriculum reform will be explained in more detail, followed by a discussion of the effect of globalization and research finding in the field of mathematics and mathematics education (in the Iranian mathematics curriculum). In total, three key ideas are distinguished as an effect of globalization which is “New Math”, “International Comparative Studies”, and “Computational Thinking”. Finally, the paper comments on the necessity of paying more attention to information and communication technology as part of globalization; in particular, recall policy-makers to consider “Computational Thinking” as an important component of future curriculum design.
Design-based development of educative curriculum material for deliberative human rights education
(Taylor & Francis, 2023-06) Guzmán, Valentina; Larrain, Antonia; Álvarez Valdés, Carolina; Fernández, Ivettre; Herrera, David; Urrutia, Camila
Human rights education (HRE) is an urgent historically and globally recognized challenge for societies. However, it has not been sufficiently addressed by empirical and theoretical research in education. Based on the UN Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training (UNDHRET), there is wide agreement that HRE should include education about, through, and for human rights. We argue that a situated deliberative pedagogy can offer these three dimensions to HRE. However, this is not without challenges for teachers and students. One way to deal with these challenges and support this pedagogical innovation is to design curriculum material that supports teachers. To contribute to this, we conducted a design-based research (DBR) aimed at participative designing of educative curriculum material for human rights deliberative education. Four teachers participated in two phases of the study. Two participated in refining the material’s structure and its controversies and the other two participated in discussing the dilemmas and activities relating to implementation of the material at school with their 11th- and 12th-grade students. The results show participatory educative curriculum material designed for holistic HRE: about, through, and for HR. The implications and problems of the design process associated with a deliberative curriculum for HRE are discussed.
Developing an Instrument to Assess Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Evolution
(Springer Nature, 2022-02-18) Becerra, Beatriz; Núñez, Paola; Vergara, Claudia; Santibáñez Gómez, David; Krüger, Dirk; Cofré, Hernán
Despite the importance of evolution to understand biology, there is signifcant evidence that many biology teachers have difculties to successfully teach this topic. The purpose of this study is to describe procedures by which a paper-and-pencil instrument to assess teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge for evolution (PCKevo) was developed and validated. The instrument was created to measure the components proposed in the model of Magnusson et al. (1999), except for the orientations. The creation of the questionnaire was carried out through eleven steps: (1) conceptualization, (2–4) creation of items and rubric reviewed by experts (focus on content and construct validity), (5–7) piloting a 32-item questionnaire to 10 biology teachers (focus on face and construct validity and reliability), (8–10) piloting a 16-item questionnaire to 61 biology teachers (focus on discriminant and construct validity and reliability), (11) application of a diferent instrument (CoRe interview) to four teachers (focus on criterion validity). The fnal version of the questionnaire (which includes three PCK components) showed in a Rasch analysis for the reliability of the items (α=0.90) and persons (α=0.81) adequate values. When applying the fnal version of the questionnaire, there is also evidence of discriminant validity (diferences between two groups of teachers with or without professional development in evolution education). The contributions of the PCKevo instrument for research topics and evolution teaching are discussed.
Developing conceptual understanding of Irrational numbers based on technology through activity system
(City University of New York, 2022) Rafiepour, Abolfazl; Abdolahpour, Kazem; Farsani, Danyal
The main purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual understanding of the irrational number of the square root of 2 ( 2 ). Participants in the study were 20 ninth-grade male students. Activity Theory was used as a framework to show the development of the conceptual understanding. Since this study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic; online teaching method was adopted. In this teaching method, WhatsApp messaging and calculator were used as our basic technology. Virtual education lasted 2 sessions (120 minutes) for the development conceptual understanding of the irrational number of square root of 2. To produce data, WhatsApp Export Capability was used. For data analysis, the online teaching activity system was used. By analyzing this activity system, three tensions were understood. Modifying these tensions, has led to their students making the concept of the irrational number of the square root of 2 ( 2 ) and reach a single definition
Distributed embodiment of the persian term dæqi:qæn in forward gestures
(Springer, 2023-11-03) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Banaruee, Hassan; Farsani, Danyal; Hernandez-Barajas, Freddy; Farina, Mirko; Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando
This study examined the embodied realization of the Persian term dæqi:qæn (exactly) when embodied through gestures. A group of thirty Persian native speakers were asked to express their opinions about six subjects in an interview setting. During the interview, the interviewer used some techniques to elicit the term dæqi:qæn from the participants. The types of gestures produced when participants used the term dæqi:qæn were analyzed. The results showed that the term dæqi:qæn was embodied primarily by forward hand gestures and to a lesser degree by forward head gestures. This suggests that a given term can be embodied across various parts of the body, but degree of realization of this embodiment process is not the same in all involved body parts. While some body parts are strongly involved and actively employed to embody a concept in gestures, other parts may be less involved or not involved at all. We call this process distributed embodiment. The term dæqi:qæn was strongly embodied in forward hand gestures, less strongly (but still significant) embodied in forward head gestures, and almost not embodied in the leg.
Embodiment and gestural realization of ergative verbs
(Springer, 2023-10-01) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Hu, Jiehui; Eskandari, Zahra; Banaruee, Hassan; Yanjiao, Zhu; Farsani, Danyal; Jiayong, He
In this study, we examined the gestural embodiment of active, passive, and active-form/passive-sense voices of ergative verbs in English. We analyzed gestures produced by presenters talking about a variety of subjects in a set of videos. We used several Chi-square tests to fnd out what type of gesture (representational, beat, and pointing gestures) co-occurred more frequently with active, passive, and active-form/passive-sense voices of ergative verbs. The results showed that representational gestures occurred more frequently with active than passive and active-form/passive-sense voices of ergative verbs. Furthermore, representational gestures occurred more frequently with active voices of ergative verbs having human subjects than non-human subjects. This was also the case with active-form/passive-sense sentences. Based on these results, it is suggested that form of a sentence is an infuential factor in the process of embodying the situation that is described by that sentence. Active voice of an English ergative verb is more likely to be accompanied by representational gestures and is embodied more strongly than passive and active-form/passive-sense voices of that verb.
Entre el reconocimiento y las trayectorias biográficas: una mirada sobre las juventudes en Argentina y Latinoamérica
(Universidad de Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, 2022-10) Carreras, Rafael Antonio; Escobar González, Sebastián
En el contexto de entrevistas realizadas a distintos investigadores de relevancia en el campo de estudio de las juventudes en América Latina y Europa, conversamos con Rafael Carreras, académico e investigador de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, construyendo un relato sobre su trayectoria académica considerando distintas variables que han marcado su labor, la psicología social comunitaria, el trabajo territorial con jóvenes y el uso de relatos biográficos en clave investigación-acción participante en el contexto argentino. La conversación comienza justamente con el origen del interés investigativo por las juventudes, donde el contexto sociopolítico es fundamental para iniciarse en la exploración de dicho grupo social. Así, se transita en distintas reflexiones sobre las juventudes en el contexto argentino y latinoamericano, integrando conceptos como neoliberalismo o pluridomonio. Finalmente, se establecen ciertas aperturas y pistas para estudiar a las juventudes en el actual contexto latinoamericano, el cual ha estado impactado por diversos hitos de protesta, violencia y transformación social.
Estudiantes con gratuidad en universidades prestigiosas: ajustes académicos para permanecer
(Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Niñez y Juventud del Cinde; Universidad de Manizales., 2023-08-25) Álvarez Valdés, Carolina
La educación superior en Chile se ha masificado; sin embargo, se mantiene una alta segmentación en el sistema. En 2016 comienza a implementarse la política de gratuidad, dirigida a estudiantes de menores ingresos. Esta investigación buscó comprender las experiencias académicas de estudiantes con gratuidad en universidades prestigiosas y selectivas, espacios tradicionalmente de reproducción de las clases altas y élites. Se realizaron entrevistas biográficas a trece estudiantes de estas universidades, así como un análisis temático temporal. Los resultados muestran que la obtención de la gratuidad emerge como un facilitador en el acceso, pero los/as estudiantes experimentan fuertes sensaciones de inadecuación académica; se muestran activos en transformar sus disposiciones, realizando un fuerte trabajo sobre sí para permanecer. Las experiencias de jóvenes de menores capitales muestran la persistencia de desigualdades.
Formación inicial docente basada en el practicum: la academia reflexiva como praxis fundamental para la formación de profesores
(Universidad Pedagógica Nacional de Colombia, 2023-01-01) Becerra-Sepúlveda, Carolina; Ibáñez-Muñoz, Rosa; Valenzuela-Giovanetti, Ezia
La calidad de la Educación constituye un compromiso y un deber con el sistema escolar; esta demanda atención especial a la Formación Inicial Docente de nuestros Profesores. Actualmente las Políticas Públicas en Chile desafían a las Universidades en cuanto a diversos requerimientos para la Formación de Profesores. Conscientes de esta situación, las universidades han instalado estrategias para mejorar los procesos formativos de sus futuros profesores, estableciendo mecanismos formales que articulan su currículo con una formación basada en la Práctica. Este artículo expone los resultados de una investigación cualitativa, que analiza el proceso de práctica de las carreras de pedagogía de una universidad privada en Chile, describiendo a su vez, los nudos críticos de los procesos formativos que la caracterizan. El estudio contempló un diseño etnometodológico, contando con la participación de 37 docentes tutores de prácticas y tres coordinadores, a través de un focus group. El abordaje de la información recopilada contempló un análisis del discurso a través de la herramienta Atlasti. Los resultados del estudio relevan la necesidad de repensar la práctica en la formación inicial docente a través de un modelo que represente y responda a las demandas de la sociedad del siglo XXI, en conjunto con la valorización del acto reflexivo al interior de la Academia que nutre y fortalece la formación inicial docente.
Future early childhood teachers designing problem-solving activities
(Bandung Himpunan Matematika Indonesia (IndoMS) bekerjasama dengan Program S2 Pendidikan Matematika, FKIP, Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang, 2022-06) Sala-Sebastià, Gemma; Breda, Adriana; Farsani, Danyal
This work aims to identify the criteria to design activities based on problem solving tasks that emerge when future early childhood education teachers jointly plan their activities and reflect on them. The participants were 76 students from the Didactics of mathematics subject that was carried out in the 2nd year of the Early Childhood Education Degree of a Catalan public university. This is qualitative research in which the phases of the thematic analysis have been adapted: familiarizing with the data; systematically applying the categories to identify the student criteria emerged; triangulating the analysis with experts; reviewing and discussing the results. The Didactic Suitability Criteria (DSC), from the Ontosemiotic approach (OSA) framework to design tasks and their indicators, were used to categorise and analyse the tasks performed by future teachers. As a result, it was identified that when the future teachers adopt consensually design their activities, they are implicitly based on the Didactic Suitability Criteria (DSC). Still, not all their indicators emerge since their reflection is spontaneous and is not guided by an explicit guideline that serves them to show their didactic analysis in detail. The study concludes that it would be convenient to offer future teachers a tool, such as DSC, to have explicit criteria to guide the designs of their mathematical tasks. In this sense, a future line of research opens, much needed, to adapt the DSC to the singularities of this educational stage.
Gestural simulation of motion verbs
(University of Illinois Press, 2023) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Hu, Jeihui; Eskandari, Zahra; Yanjiao, Zhu; Farsani, Danyal; Banaruee, Hassan
We aimed to investigate how the path of a motion verb is mentally simulated and realized in gestures when it is encoded in path-joined motion verbs (e.g., “enter the house”), pathdisjoined motion verbs (e.g., “go into the house”), and pathless motion verbs (e.g., “walk in the street”). We conducted 2 studies to answer this question. In Study 1, we analyzed gestures produced by presenters in a set of YouTube videos. We used several chi-square tests to find out what type of gesture (path representational, non–path representational, beat, pointing gestures, and no-gesture) co-occurred more frequently with path-joined, path-disjoined, and pathless motion verbs. In Study 2, we analyzed gestures produced by a group of participants in a story-retelling setting. Both studies showed that path representational gestures co-occurred more frequently with path-joined motion verbs than path-disjoined and pathless motion verbs. Furthermore, the probability of using a path representational gesture with a path-joined motion verb having a human subject was higher than that having a nonhuman subject. Although the language difference in Study 1 and Study 2 might be a limitation, the consistency of results of the 2 studies suggests that the findings are generalizable. We suggest that gestural simulation of a motion verb is affected by how the direction or path of motion is encoded in the verb. When the path of motion is encoded in the main part of the verb, the motion and its path or direction are simultaneously simulated. This account implies that the motor system plays an active role in the process of simulating the path.
How are fortuity mathematical movements o mosquitoes represented in children’s drawings?
(City University of New York, 2022) Reyes-Santander, Pamela; Luci, Gina; Farsani, Danyal
This exploratory and experimental research aims to describe randomness expressed in 5 to 6-year-old children’s drawings. This study considers a six-day activity developed in 5 Chilean kindergartens, with a total of 142 participants. The activity on the mosquito’s flight considered the corporal movements to generate the idea of randomness in children. The children drew the mosquito flight and described the flight. We qualitatively analyzed and categorized the children’s drawings and verbal descriptions, dividing them into static or dynamic representations. A second grouping was established in the dynamic drawings: in one direction and random. The third division considers only random drawings: (1) uncertain walk, (2) possible walk, and (3) casual walk. The results show that children in this stage of development can express in their drawings some of the three basic notions of randomness. The children expressed randomness through random stops, circular paths, and arrows to mark positions or make decision possibilities of the mosquito
How do university students of different ethnic backgrounds perceive factors that hinder learning in STEM and non-STEM majors?
(Taylor and Francis, 2021-04-01) Radmehr, Farzad; Niazi, Najmeh; Rezvanifard, Faezeh; Farsani, Danyal; Laban, Winnie; Overton, John; Bakker, Leon
This study explores university students’ perceptions of factors that hinder student learning with particular attention to students’ discipline (STEM vs non-STEM) and ethnicity. A sample of 1684 university students in New Zealand participated in this study. Students’ responses to an open-ended question were first inductively coded and then quantitatively analyzed using Chi-square independence test and logistic regression. The findings identified several situational, dispositional, and institutional factors that hinder student learning, among them financial difficulties and work commitments, health, and family issues were more dominant. These factors are perceived differently by students of different disciplines and ethnicities. For instance, Asian students were less likely to refer to financial difficulties and work commitments compared to the other ethnicities, whereas Pasifika and then Māori students perceived family issues more than other ethnic groups. STEM major students were more likely to believe the teaching quality restricts their learning than their non-STEM counterparts. The study findings have several educational and well-being implications for diverse bodies of students in tertiary education.
Interacciones en la clase de literatura: ¿Construcciones dialógicas? Estudio de caso en establecimientos secundarios chilenos
(Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez (USCH); Facultad de Educación; Escuela de Artes y Humanidades, 2024-09-05) Yuivar Carneiro, Ana María; Medina Morales, Lorena
Esta investigación tuvo como principales objetivos describir la naturaleza de las interacciones orales ocurridas en la clase de literatura en tres establecimientos educacionales chilenos de Tercero Medio (11vo grado) y, especialmente, describir las interacciones propiamente dialógicas, es decir, aquellas que propician la tensión entre diferentes voces o tomas de posición frente a las interpretaciones literarias abordadas en clase. Por lo anterior, se escogieron tres establecimientos de dependencia particular subvencionada que declararon promover el pensamiento crítico y el fomento lector en sus proyectos educativos. Los participantes del estudio fueron 3 docentes y 83 estudiantes. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos y análisis dialógico del discurso sobre una muestra de 20 clases de literatura. Los resultados muestran que las interacciones ocurridas en estas aulas confirman el diagnóstico internacional y local, pues en ellas es el profesor quien domina la interacción y los aportes de los estudiantes son restringidos. Sin embargo, en uno de los casos, sí se ofrecieron oportunidades dialógicas en la fase de contextualización de la obra literaria, que implicaba abordar temas identitarios, no así en otros aspectos de la interpretación.
International collaborative follow-up investigation of graduating high school students’ understandings of the nature of scientific inquiry: is progress Being made?
(Routledge, 2021-04-24) Lederman, Judith; Lederman, Norman; Bartels, Selina; Jiménez, Juan Paulo; Santibáñez Gómez, David
Understandings of the nature of scientific inquiry (NOSI), as opposed to engaging students in inquiry learning experiences, are included in science education reform documents around the world. However, little is known about what students have learned about NOSI during their pre-college school years. The purpose of this large-scale follow-up international project (i.e. 32 countries and regions, spanning six continents and including 3917 students for the high school sample) was to collect data on what exiting high school students have learned about NOSI. Additionally, the study investigated changes in 12th grade students’ NOSI understandings compared to seventh grade (i.e. 20 countries and regions) students’ understandings from a prior investigation [Lederman et al. (2019). An international collaborative investigation of beginning seventh grade students’ understandings of scientific inquiry: Establishing a baseline. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 56(4), 486–515. https:// doi.org/10.1002/tea. 21512]. This study documents and discusses graduating high school students’ understandings and compares their understandings to seventh grade students’ understandings of the same aspects of scientific inquiry for each country. It is important to note that collecting data from each of the 130+ countries globally was not feasible. Similarly, it was not possible to collect data from every region of each country. A concerted effort was made, however, to provide a relatively representative picture of each country and the world.

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