El Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad FinisTerrae, es gestionado por el Sistema de Bibliotecas y tiene por objetivo permitir el acceso libre a la producción académica e institucional de la Universidad, aumentando la visibilidad de sus contenidos y garantizando su conservación.

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Actualización sobre el manejo inicial de fracturas expuestas para médicos generales y especialistas. Revisión panorámica de la literatura
(Revista Médica de Chile, 2026-03-04) Frey Moreno, Catalina; Ramirez Arenas, Joaquín; Ruiz Riquelme, Pablo
Las fracturas expuestas representan una carga significativa para la salud pública debido al riesgo de infección, secuelas y mortalidad. El manejo inicial es crucial para evitar o reducir estas complicacio-nes. Objetivo: Describir las opciones actuales de manejo inicial de fracturas expuestas en el servicio de urgencias por el médico general y especialista. Metodología: Revisión panorámica del manejo de fractura expuesta realizada entre octubre y noviembre 2024, utili-zando términos MESH en PubMed y SCIELO en inglés y español. Se incluyeron artículos de los últimos 5 años (2019-2024) abordando los pilares del manejo en urgencias: antibioticoterapia, manejo del dolor, inmovilización y desbridamiento. Resultados: De 2.883 artícu-los obtenidos en PubMed y SCIELO, 30 estudios fueron incluidos. Se mantienen los pilares de tratamiento para disminuir complicaciones: antibioticoterapia, manejo del dolor, inmovilización, desbridamiento y cierre de la herida. Discusión: La antibioticoterapia debe ser precoz, idealmente antes de 60 minutos, aseo quirúrgico antes de 24 horas de la lesión según las características de la fractura, cierre precoz de la herida. También, manejo del dolor asociado a reducción e inmovi-lización y/o fijación. Además, considerar el uso de antibioticoterapia local y continua o cierre-asistido-por-vacío (VAC) por especialistas. Es importante la creación de protocolos específicos para el sistema de salud chileno. Conclusiones: El médico general debe conocer los tiempos de administración antibiótica y desbridación, optimizar el manejo del dolor farmacológicamente, inmovilizar la fractura e indicar la profilaxis antitetánica. El especialista debe procurar un aseo quirúrgico y cierre de la herida precoz, considerando asociar antibiótico local o VAC para favorecer el pronóstico del paciente. El manejo actualizado y protocolizado de esta patología es relevante para prevenir su morbimortalidad.
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Razón pública y razón abierta: Dos formas de responder a la pregunta legislativa de cómo acomodar a personas con disforia de género
(Dykinson S.L., 2025) Cleary, James Andrew
El capítulo analiza desde la filosofía política la cuestión de los derechos que la ley debería otorgar a las personas con disforia de género. Para hacerlo, se usa el concepto de “razonable” desde la razón pública de John Rawls y la razón abierta de Joseph Ratzinger.
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Unfused transverse foramen of the atlas vertebra in the Neandertal lineage fossils
(Wiley, 2025-11-07) Gómez-Olivencia, Asier; Arlegi, Mikel; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Arsuaga, Juan Luis; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan
In anatomically modern humans, the atlas can display an unfused transverse foramen (UTF) but currently the presence of UTF in the Neandertal lineage is uncertain due to a scarcity of prevalence studies and no exhaustive record of its presence throughout the entire hominin fossil record. In this context, this study aimed to assess the UTF prevalence in Neandertal lineage fossils. In the Neandertal lineage fossil record, UTF was identified in three atlases: a Middle Pleistocene Preneandertal fossil (VC3) from Sima de los Huesos, and the Neandertal specimens Kebara 2 and Krapina 98. These results suggest that UTF may have been present in the hominin lineage since, at least, the Middle Pleistocene. An UTF could have been present in other, older hominin lineages but this remains unclear due to the generally poor preservation of atlases outside the Neandertal lineage fossil record. However, the existence of UTFs in the Neandertal lineage warrants further investigation into the evolutionary and developmental factors underlying this vertebral morphological variation.
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Prevalence of radial artery variants and their relationship with clinical considerations of the antebrachial region: Systematic revier and meta-analysis
(MDPI, 2025-11-24) Sanchis Gimeno, Juan; Loaiza-Giraldo, Jessica Paola; Alruiz, Yael; Vergara, Maximiliano; Maria Fernanda Navia; Roman, Camila; Suazo Santibañez, Alejandra; Nova Baeza, Pablo; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Oyanedel Amaro, Gustavo; Rodriguez Luengo, Macarena; Bruna Mejias, Alejandro; Valenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan José; León Rojas, José; Granite, Guinevere
Background: The radial artery (RA) is one of the terminal branches of the brachial artery, extending along the lateral forearm, crossing the anatomical snuffbox, and contributing to the palmar arches. Anatomical variations in the RA are of great clinical relevance due to their implications in procedures such as transradial catheterization, arterial cannulation, and bypass grafting. These variants may alter the course, branching pattern, or origin of the vessel, potentially increasing procedural complexity and the risk of iatrogenic injury. In critically ill patients and in surgical or interventional settings, accurate identification of RA anatomy is essential. The objective of this study was to systematically identify and describe RA variants reported in the scientific literature and to analyze their clinical relevance. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across six electronic databases: Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), covering publications up to July 2025. Eligible studies included anatomical, radiological, and surgical investigations reporting RA variants. Study quality was evaluated using the Assessment of Quality in Anatomical Studies (AQUA) tool. Quantitative synthesis was performed using a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of RA variants and subgroup differences. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, and eleven were included in the meta-analysis, encompassing a total of 6320 participants. Results: Radial artery variants were categorized into three main types: variations in origin, course, and branching pattern. The pooled global prevalence of RA variants was 12% (95% CI: 6-18%), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 97.7%). Higher prevalence was found in imaging-based studies (14%) compared with donor-based studies (12%). Sex-based subgroup analysis revealed a higher prevalence in females (18%; CI: 9-28%) compared with males (3%; CI: 3-4%), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 61.3%). Regionally, European populations demonstrated a higher prevalence (20%) than Asian populations (11%), both showing high heterogeneity (I2 > 98%). Notably, only one study from the Americas and none from Africa or Oceania were identified, representing a major geographical limitation in the available data. The findings of this study highlight the considerable variability in RA anatomy across populations. Such variations hold significant clinical importance, particularly in the context of transradial interventions, arterial cannulation, and reconstructive procedures where vascular integrity is critical. The high degree of heterogeneity observed may reflect differences in population genetics, sample size, and imaging or dissection methodologies. The limited representation of certain regions underscores the need for further anatomical and radiological studies to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of global RA variability. Preoperative or pre-procedural imaging using Doppler ultrasonography or computed tomography angiography is recommended to identify anomalous patterns and minimize iatrogenic complications. Conclusions: Radial artery variants are frequent and diverse. Their recognition is fundamental for the safety and success of invasive and surgical procedures in the upper limb. A standardized approach to vascular evaluation, particularly through preoperative imaging, is essential to improve procedural outcomes and reduce the risk of arterial injury in clinical practice.
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Sexual dimorphism in the Atlas Vertebra of normal and overweight patients with its possible surgical implications
(Elsevier, 2025-10-04) Nilgün Tuncel, Çini; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Granite, Guinevere; Nova Baeza, Pablo; Mata-Escolano, Federico; Blanco-Perez, Esther; Valenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan José; Piagkou. Maria; Triantafyllou, George; Konschake, Marko; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan A.
Background: We aimed to detect the sexual dimorphism in the width and external anteroposterior length (EAPL) values of the atlas vertebra, and to detect significant correlations between the width and EAPL with height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in normal weight and in overweighted patients. Methods: The width and EAPL were measured in 63 (32 female, 31 male) normal weight individuals and in 61 (30 female, 31 male) overweighted individuals who underwent a cervical spine computed tomography scan. Data was first compared between all female patients and male patients, and secondly was compared between normal and overweight individuals. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlations between width and EAPL with height, weight, and BMI. Results: Atlas width and EAPL were significantly higher in normal and overweight males (P < 0.001). No correlations were found between height, weight, and BMI and the width and EAPL in normal and overweight individuals. The only significant correlation found was between width and EAPL in both normal and overweight individuals (P < 0.001). Conclusions: There is sexual dimorphism in atlas width and EAPL, with male patients presenting significantly higher values, but there are no correlations between height, weight, and BMI and the width and EAPL in both normal and overweight individuals. In addition, being overweight does not affect the correlation between width and EAPL.