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Book chapter2026Cuidar y filetear: el peso de la precariedad en mujeres de las caletas de Valparaíso.Las mujeres fileteadoras de la región de Valparaíso de Chile enfrentan una triple marginalización: i) condiciones laborales precarias; ii) trabajo doméstico y crianza asumidos en solitario; iii) invisibilización en las políticas y estructuras de gobernanza pesquera. A partir de diez entrevistas a fileteadoras en cinco caletas artesanales, este capítulo analiza las estrategias que despliegan estas trabajadoras para gestionar el trabajo remunerado con las labores de cuidado en un contexto de exclusión estructural. Entre sus estrategias destacan la adaptación de horarios, llevar a sus hijos/as al trabajo y crear redes de apoyo mutuo. Sin embargo, estas soluciones se transforman en “trampas de género” que perpetúan la sobrecarga, la precariedad y la desigualdad. Este estudio destaca la capacidad de agencia y resistencia de las fileteadoras, invita a repensar las políticas laborales y de cuidado desde un enfoque de corresponsabilidad, e insta al Estado y a las autoridades pesqueras a garantizar condiciones laborales dignas. Basualto Gutiérrez, Camilo; Undurraga Riesco, RosarioVer documento
Article2026Comparative study of akin osteotomies with and without fixation in open hallux valgus correction surgery: restrospective analysis of 200 osteotomiesBackground: In hallux valgus correction surgery, different fixation methods exist for Akin’s osteotomy, but no fixation is also a possibility. We hypothesized that Akin’s osteotomy, both fixed and non-fixed, would provide equally sufficient correction of the phalanx without differences in the measurements of the specific postoperative DASA and IPOA angles and no significant differences between the two groups in the rate of complications. Methods: A retrospective single-center comparative case–control study was conducted. Five radiological measurements were analyzed until completion of fusion. The incidence of complications occurring during and after surgery was assessed and compared across the study groups. Results: A total of 200 Akin osteotomies were evaluated; 100 were included in the group without fixation and 100 in the group with fixation. Radiologically, the results show that there is no difference in the corrective difference values in the main parameters between the groups. Regarding the analysis of complications, in the group without fixation, all cases achieved fusion. In the group with fixation, one case showed non-symptomatic non-union. Out of 200 operations, four (2%) patients required reoperation. A re-Akin osteotomy was needed for a hypocorrection in the group without fixation. One case in the fixed group went into asymptomatic non-union that did not require re-intervention. Conclusions: The absence of internal fixation does not seem to compromise the healing of the osteotomy, and the maintenance of correction grades and complication rates in the group without fixation seems to be similar to the group with fixation. The results are promising; however, we believe that further studies are needed to confirm the data. Testa, Enrique Adrian; Porreca, Annamaria…Ver documento
Article0026Catequesis prescriptiva y pensamiento complejo. Un análisis del Directorio para la CatequesisEste artículo analiza la concepción prescriptiva de la catequesis contenida en el Directorio para la Catequesis (2020), interrogando su grado de compatibilidad con una perspectiva de pensamiento complejo. En un contexto marcado por la incertidumbre y aceleración social, el estudio adopta el pensamiento complejo como lente epistémico para examinar el marco normativo que orienta la catequesis en la Iglesia universal. A partir de la identificación de cinco criterios operativos, el artículo aplica un análisis sistemático al Directorio. Los resultados muestran afinidades significativas con una comprensión relacional y procesual de la catequesis, junto con tensiones persistentes en la explicitación epistemológica de algunos rasgos centrales de la complejidad Díaz Tejo, JavierVer documento
Article0026Thresholds of Self-Organisation in Catholic Religious Education: A Complex Analysis of Curricula in Latin AmericaThis article analyses the official Catholic Religious Education (CRES) programmes in Chile, Brazil, Costa Rica and Colombia from the perspective of complexity sciences, using the concept of self-organisation as a central analytical axis. Given Latin American contexts marked by religious pluralism, cultural transformation, institutional crisis and youth subjectivities, it is proposed that the adequacy of CRES does not depend solely on content or methodologies, but also on the systemic architecture that articulates students, classrooms and institutions in relation to their environment. Methodologically, the study develops a framework of three thresholds of educational self-organisation—reactive, reflective, and ecological—and applies it comparatively to the four national programmes, examining how they distribute agency, learning capacity, and openness to context at the student, classroom, and school-environment levels. The analysis reveals that, although all programmes activate relevant forms of reactive and reflective self-organisation, only some partially enable thresholds of ecological self-organisation capable of sustainably integrating contemporary sociocultural and religious complexity. The results allow us to identify structural tensions between current curriculum designs and the demands of increasingly complex environments. Díaz Tejo, Javier; Vega Ramírez, JavierVer documento
Article2026From conceptual foundations to enacted PCK: a mixed-methods study with primary teachers teaching the human bodyPedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) represents a core component of teachers' professional knowledge and one of the strongest predictors of effective science instruction. This study examines how teachers' Conceptual Knowledge (CK) relates to both their personal and enacted PCK among 13 in-service primary school teachers teaching the human body. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed, combining a CK test, an analytic PCK rubric, and pre- and post-lesson interviews supported by classroom video recordings. Results revealed a low correlation between CK and PCK, suggesting that they are distinct yet interrelated constructs. However, a functional conceptual threshold was identified, beyond which teachers were able to enact more coherent and scientifically grounded PCK. The qualitative analysis uncovered different patterns of CK-PCK articulation, ranging from routine-based strategies to reflective practices aimed at promoting students' conceptual understanding. These findings reinforce that PCK develops not only through disciplinary mastery but also through sustained reflection and engagement in authentic teaching contexts. Implications are discussed for both preservice and in-service teacher education, highlighting the importance of integrating content learning with didactic analysis experiences that support the development and enactment of PCK across scientific topics and classroom situations. teaching contexts. Implications are discussed for both preservice and in-service teacher education, highlighting the importance of integrating content learning with didactic analysis experiences that support the development and enactment of PCK across scientific topics and classroom situations. Santibáñez, David; Lederman, Judith…Ver documento
Article2026Sustainable mitigation of acrylamide formation during Maillard reaction using grape pomace extracts obtained by green pressurized liquid extractionAcrylamide (AA) is a food neo-contaminant classified as a probable human carcinogen formed during the Maillard reaction. Natural (poly)phenolic extracts have emerged as promising mitigation strategies to inhibit AA formation. In this study, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) conditions were optimized to obtain grape pomace extracts with maximum AA mitigation. Temperature (50–180 °C) and ethanol percentage (0–100% v/v) were optimized using a central composite design, finding an optimal response at 180 °C and 21% ethanol, with which AA formation was decreased by 33.36 ± 3.31% in the asparagine–glucose (ASN–GLC) model that emulates the Maillard reaction. This extract (0.1–0.8%) was also assayed in a bread model, reducing AA formation by 41.25 ± 9.36% when used at 0.4% w/w. Epicatechin, gallic acid, and catechin were the predominant (poly)phenols, and their individual effect on AA formation showed reductions from 35.46 ± 1.30% to 42.83 ± 10.94% in the ASN–GLC model. These findings confirm that PLE grape pomace extracts can successfully mitigate AA formation mainly through catechin, epicatechin, and gallic acid. Patiño-Arias, Lina Paola; Rajchman, Mikaela…Ver documento
Article2026Service logic and value co-creation reconsidered: the service method and its theoretical implications for service science, management and praxis.The paper presents a critical advancement in services’ science and management, addressing gaps in the existing literature on service logic, value co-creation, and introducing the service method and its pivotal role. It emphasises service as a reciprocal exchange of value, reliant on coordinated actions by providers and clients. While current discourse acknowledges client participation, it overlooks the mechanics of engagement and guiding service processes. Through qualitative inquiry, the paper asserts that service involves orchestrated value exchange managed by specific process architectures within organisations. Employing a systemic perspective, it identifies a gap in conventional understanding and advocates updates to address it. Drawing from systems engineering and sustainable marketing, it introduces the service method as an analogue to the scientific method. Highlighting its teleological and ontological implications, the paper calls for an ex-ante analysis to enrich service science, positioning the service method as essential for enhancing engagement, value co-creation, and practical applications. El artículo presenta un avance fundamental en la ciencia y la gestión de los servicios, abordando las lagunas existentes en la bibliografía sobre la lógica del servicio y la cocreación de valor, e introduciendo el «método del servicio» y su papel fundamental. Hace hincapié en el servicio como un intercambio recíproco de valor, que depende de las acciones coordinadas de los proveedores y los clientes. Si bien el discurso actual reconoce la participación del cliente, pasa por alto los mecanismos de implicación y los procesos que guían el servicio. Mediante una investigación cualitativa, el artículo sostiene que el servicio implica un intercambio de valor orquestado y gestionado por arquitecturas de procesos específicas dentro de las organizaciones. Desde una perspectiva sistémica, identifica una laguna en la concepción convencional y aboga por actualizaciones para subsanarla. Basándose en la ingeniería de sistemas y el marketing sostenible, presenta el método del servicio como un análogo del método científico. Destacando sus implicaciones teleológicas y ontológicas, el artículo aboga por un análisis ex ante para enriquecer la ciencia de los servicios, posicionando el método del servicio como esencial para mejorar la implicación, la cocreación de valor y las aplicaciones prácticas Yanine, FernandoVer documento
Article2026A copper-deficient diet increases the development of hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice fed a high-fat dietMetabolic and steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Copper, an essential cofactor for enzymes involved in antioxidant defense and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, is frequently depleted in patients with MASLD. Therefore, copper deficiency could exacerbate oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hepatocellular damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary copper deficiency on oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, and histopathological changes in mice fed a high-fat diet. Thirty-two male C57BL/6j mice were assigned to four experimental groups: control diet [CD(CU +)], copper-deficient control diet [CD(CU-)], high-fat diet [HFD(CU +)], and copper-deficient high-fat diet [HFD(CU-)] for 12 weeks. Biochemical, histological, inflammatory, oxidative, and mitochondrial parameters were evaluated. Mice in the [HFD(CU-)] group exhibited greater dyslipidemia, elevated transaminases, increased hepatic lipid accumulation, and increased oxidative stress (decreased SOD1 activity, increased TBARS and carbonylated proteins, and decreased reduced GSH), as well as higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) compared to the [HFD(CU +)] group. Furthermore, the [HFD(CU-)] animals exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by decreased citrate synthase and complex IV activity and lower PGC1α expression. Histological analysis showed macrovesicular lipid accumulation in 32.8 % of hepatocytes in [HFD(CU-)] mice. Dietary copper restriction (0.66 mg Cu/kg) combined with a high-fat diet decreased SOD1 activity, depleted hepatic GSH, inhibited mitochondrial Complex IV, and increased plasma TNF-α and IL-1β. Castro-Cisterna Silvia; Espinosa Alejandra…Ver documento
Article2026Variant Anatomy Literacy as a Patient-Safety Competency in Surgical Training: A Title-Informed Conceptual Review and Competency FrameworkSurgical safety depends on recognition of patient-specific anatomy when encountered structures depart from population norms. Knowledge of anatomical variations is often treated as supplemental rather than as a safety-relevant necessity. This article aims to translate a title-informed map of literature on anatomical variation, surgical education, and patient safety into a practical competency framework for surgical training. A targeted, title-informed conceptual review was conducted in March 2026. PubMed was searched using anatomical-variation terms combined with surgery, education, patient safety, curriculum, assessment, simulation, reporting, and competency terms. PubMed Central, publisher pages, DOI landing pages, and cross-indexed scholarly sources were used for retrieval and verification. Titles and formal source descriptions were screened for signals linking anatomical variation with clinical risk, surgical error, curriculum, assessment, terminology, reporting, visualization, simulation, patient safety, or competency-based education. This method was designed for conceptual synthesis rather than prevalence estimation, effect-size analysis, or a complete evidence map. Six recurrent framings were identified: anatomical variation as a clinical hazard, curriculum and assessment gap, terminology and reporting problem, visualization and simulation challenge, team-communication and systems issue, and competency-based training target. These framings support defining variant anatomy literacy as the capability to anticipate, identify, interpret, adapt to, communicate, document and learn from clinically consequential anatomical variation before, during and after operative care. Surgical curricula should move beyond recall of rare variants and assess observable safety behavior under anatomical uncertainty. Practical implementation can integrate patient-specific imaging, donor contrast, simulation, operative observation, briefing and debriefing, operative-note audit, and morbidity-and-mortality learning.Surgical safety depends on recognition of patient-specific anatomy when encountered structures depart from population norms. Knowledge of anatomical variations is often treated as supplemental rather than as a safety-relevant necessity. This article aims to translate a title-informed map of literature on anatomical variation, surgical education, and patient safety into a practical competency framework for surgical training. A targeted, title-informed conceptual review was conducted in March 2026. PubMed was searched using anatomical-variation terms combined with surgery, education, patient safety, curriculum, assessment, simulation, reporting, and competency terms. PubMed Central, publisher pages, DOI landing pages, and cross-indexed scholarly sources were used for retrieval and verification. Titles and formal source descriptions were screened for signals linking anatomical variation with clinical risk, surgical error, curriculum, assessment, terminology, reporting, visualization, simulation, patient safety, or competency-based education. This method was designed for conceptual synthesis rather than prevalence estimation, effect-size analysis, or a complete evidence map. Six recurrent framings were identified: anatomical variation as a clinical hazard, curriculum and assessment gap, terminology and reporting problem, visualization and simulation challenge, team-communication and systems issue, and competency-based training target. These framings support defining variant anatomy literacy as the capability to anticipate, identify, interpret, adapt to, communicate, document and learn from clinically consequential anatomical variation before, during and after operative care. Surgical curricula should move beyond recall of rare variants and assess observable safety behavior under anatomical uncertainty. Practical implementation can integrate patient-specific imaging, donor contrast, simulation, operative observation, briefing and debriefing, operative-note audit, and morbidity-and-mortality learning. Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan A.; Zuld, Andreea-Bianca…Ver documento
Article2026Generative Artificial Intelligence Performance onUniversity-Level Human Anatomy Examinations:A Structured Narrative Review and ProposedMATRIX-Anatomy FrameworkGenerative artificial intelligence (GenAI) can perform strongly on written anatomy examinations, but whether such scores represent anatomical competence remains uncertain because results vary with the model, assessment, protocol, modality, scoring, and comparator. We synthesized studies evaluating GenAI as the examinee in university-level human anatomy assessments and proposed MATRIX-Anatomy, a reporting and interpretive framework not yet externally validated. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for records published from January 2022 to 11 July 2026. Eligible studies used university examinations, course item banks, or curriculum-aligned undergraduate benchmarks and reported quantitative performance. Three reviewers completed study selection, data extraction, and narrative synthesis by consensus. Of 115 records, 51 duplicates were removed, 64 were screened, and 15 studies were included. Leading systems scored 76% to 98% on text-based multiple-choice assessments. On a fixed 120-item set, accuracy increased from 45.8% with ChatGPT-3.5 to 86.7% with ChatGPT-5. Human comparisons were mixed. Visuospatial performance was weaker: ChatGPT-4o identified 22.26% of cadaveric structures after up to three attempts; ChatGPT-4.0 achieved 17.3% end-to-end accuracy on image-based anatomy; and ChatGPT-5.1 reached 74.4% on a surgical-anatomy subset. Repeated runs revealed volatility and consistently incorrect responses. The findings support supervised formative use with authoritative verification and retention of secure supervised, oral, constructed-response, visuospatial, and practical assessments. MATRIX-Anatomy specifies six domains (Model, Assessment, Testing protocol, Reference standard, Input, and eXternal validity) for reproducible reporting and defensible interpretation, but requires formal external validation. Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan A.; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José…Ver documento
Article2026Mediterranean diet and metabolic outcomes in nafld/masld: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is widely recommended for its metabolic benefits, but its specific impact on NAFLD/MASLD outcomes remains variable across trials. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of the Mediterranean diet on liver steatosis, liver enzymes, and metabolic markers in patients with NAFLD/MASLD. Larger, high-quality randomized trials with standardized dietary definitions and longer follow-up are required to clarify its therapeutic role in NAFLD/MASLD. Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Salazar-Arancibia, Tamara…Ver documento
Book chapter2026Algorithmic blindness and the foreclosure of the imaginary: The Chilean caseEste ensayo examina las estrategias visuales desarrolladas durante el estallido social chileno de 2019 como respuesta a la vigilancia algorítmica y las tecnologías de reconocimiento facial. A partir de la propia práctica fotográfica de la autora en Plaza Baquedano y Alameda, se traza un desplazamiento en la función de la fotografía de protesta, del testimonio hacia el dato, donde las imágenes se vuelven extraíbles y procesables por infraestructuras estatales y de plataformas. Se analizan tres respuestas situadas: el camuflaje mediante máscaras y cubrimientos faciales, que desplaza la reconocibilidad individual en favor de la presencia colectiva; el distanciamiento fotográfico, que reemplaza el primer plano por atmósferas, gestos y multitudes; y el retoque, que sabotea deliberadamente el reconocimiento facial mediante desenfoque y ruido digital. Enmarcadas a través del concepto de contrato civil de la fotografía de Azoulay, estas prácticas se leen como actos de imaginación civil que renegocian los términos de la visibilidad bajo condiciones de captura estatal y algorítmica. El ensayo concluye vinculando esta disputa visual con el posterior borramiento discursivo del estallido a través de la etiqueta octubrismo, argumentando que las disputas contemporáneas sobre las imágenes se extienden más allá de la calle hacia batallas por la memoria, la construcción de verdad y el imaginario político mismo. Montero Prieto, Maria-RosarioVer documento