Efectos de la suplementación con Urolitina A sobre la regulación de la homeostasis mitocondrial e inflamación como estrategia para mejorar la salud muscular durante el envejecimiento
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2024
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Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Medicina
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Durante el envejecimiento, funcionalidad del musculo esquelético disminuye progresivamente, lo que aumenta el riesgo de caídas y fracturas, fragilidad, perdida de movilidad y perdida de independencia. La actividad física y la nutrición son fundamentales para retrasar la progresión del envejecimiento y prevenir la perdida funcional. Investigaciones recientes han explorado los efectos de la suplementación con Urolitina A (UA), un componente natural producido por la microbiota intestinal a partir de polifenoles. En adultos mayores, la reducción de masa y función muscular se debe a dos factores principales: 1) el deterioro de la homeostasis mitocondrial que afecta la capacidad de eliminar mitocondrias dañadas (mitofagia), y 2) la inflamación sistémica asociada a la edad (inflamm-agig) que libera citoquinas pro-inflamatorias a través de vías de señalización como NF-kB y cGAS/STING. La evidencia sugiere que la UA estimula la mitofagia y tiene un efecto regulador en la inflamación del músculo esquelético en adultos mayores. Actualmente, se conoce que el ejercicio físico mejoraría la homeostasis mitocondrial y reduce la inflamación. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, no se han realizado ensayos clínicos que combinen el uso de UA con actividad física en adultos mayores. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo presentar la literatura más reciente sobre la relevancia clínica de la suplementación con UA para regular la inflamación sistémica asociada a una alteración de la homeostasis mitocondrial como una estrategia para mejorar la función muscular y calidad de vida en personas mayores. Además, proyectar estrategias futuras de las posibles aplicaciones de combinar UA con actividad física.
During aging, there is a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle functionality, associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures, frailty, loss of mobility, and loss of independence. Current studies have shown that physical activities and nutritional interventions delay the progression of aging and prevent a decline in functionality. Thus, studies have examined the effects of Urolithin A (UA) supplementation, a natural compound produced by the gut microbiota through dietary polyphenols. In older adults, among the factors that lead to the reduction of muscle mass and function in this population are: 1) mitochondrial homeostasis alterations, loss of the capacity to remove damaged mitochondria (mitophagy), and 2) age-associated systemic inflammation (inflamm-aging) leading to a release of proinflammatory cytokines through activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NF-kB and cGAS/STING. The evidence suggests that UA stimulates mitophagy and has a regulatory effect on skeletal muscle inflammation in older adults. Currently, it is known that physical activity could improve mitochondrial homeostasis and decrease inflammation. To date, there are no clinical trials combining the UA with physical activity in this population. This review aims to show the most recent literature on the clinical relevance of UA supplementation on the regulation of systemic inflammation associated with altered mitochondrial homeostasis as a strategy to improve muscle function and quality of life of older adults. Furthermore, to project future strategies for possible applications to combine UA supplementation with physical activity.
During aging, there is a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle functionality, associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures, frailty, loss of mobility, and loss of independence. Current studies have shown that physical activities and nutritional interventions delay the progression of aging and prevent a decline in functionality. Thus, studies have examined the effects of Urolithin A (UA) supplementation, a natural compound produced by the gut microbiota through dietary polyphenols. In older adults, among the factors that lead to the reduction of muscle mass and function in this population are: 1) mitochondrial homeostasis alterations, loss of the capacity to remove damaged mitochondria (mitophagy), and 2) age-associated systemic inflammation (inflamm-aging) leading to a release of proinflammatory cytokines through activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NF-kB and cGAS/STING. The evidence suggests that UA stimulates mitophagy and has a regulatory effect on skeletal muscle inflammation in older adults. Currently, it is known that physical activity could improve mitochondrial homeostasis and decrease inflammation. To date, there are no clinical trials combining the UA with physical activity in this population. This review aims to show the most recent literature on the clinical relevance of UA supplementation on the regulation of systemic inflammation associated with altered mitochondrial homeostasis as a strategy to improve muscle function and quality of life of older adults. Furthermore, to project future strategies for possible applications to combine UA supplementation with physical activity.
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Tesis (Magíster en Ciencias de la Salud y el Deporte)--Universidad Finis Terrae, 2024
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Santiago, Chile
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INFLAMACIÓN, ENVEJECIMIENTO, UROLITINA A, DISFUNCIÓN MITOCONDRIAL
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Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)