The Latin American and Caribbean region is experiencing an ageing population, which creates a need to balance greater longevity with a better quality of life for older people. This would imply generating legal instruments that respect and promote their human rights at the national and international levels. This chapter aims to describe the political and legal evolution of the rights of older people in the Latin American region until the arrival of the Inter-American Convention. Then, based on this experience, it discusses the possibility of this treaty becoming the basis for a universal convention on the human rights of older persons. It is concluded that this will be essential to adequately raise awareness about this group of the population.