Examinando por Autor "Vaidya, Anand"

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    Driving hypertension: non-classic apparent mineralocorticoid excess
    (Springer Nature, 2025-11-12) Carvajal, Cristian A.; Tapia-Castillo, Alejandra; Uslar, Thomas; Vaidya, Anand; Pérez, Jorge A.; Baudrand, Rene; Fardella, Carlos E.
    Non-classic apparent mineralocorticoid excess is an underrecognized cause of low-renin hypertension, which is often misdiagnosed as essential hypertension. This condition challenges traditional classifications and highlights the need for mechanism-based diagnostics and medical care. Hypertension remains a leading contributor to global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It has a high prevalence, low rate of identifiable causes and is frequently resistant to conventional therapy. Hypertension is traditionally classified as ‘essential’ and multifactorial; however, up to one-third of patients have hypertension with a low-renin phenotype . This subtype has been largely attributed to primary aldosteronism, yet emerging data suggest a broader and more complex spectrum of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) overactivation. Non-classic apparent mineralocorticoid excess (NC-AME) is one of several overlooked contributors to low-renin hypertension; NC-AME might account for a meaningful proportion of patients who have been misclassified as having essential hypertension.
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    Ítem
    Progressive 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Insufficiency as Kidney Function Declines
    (Endocrine Society, 2024-09) Uslar, Thomas; Newman, Andrew J.; Tapia-Castillo, Alejandra; Carvajal, Cristian A.; Fardella, Carlos E.; Allende, Fidel; Solari, Sandra; Tsai, Laura C.; Milks, Julia; Cherney, Michael; Stouffer, David G.; Auchus, Richard; Brown, Jenifer M.; Baudrand, René; Vaidya, Anand
    Background: It has been postulated that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a state of relative 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2) insufficiency, resulting in increased cortisol-mediated mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation. We hypothesized that relative 11βHSD2 insufficiency manifests across a wide spectrum of progressively declining kidney function, including within the normal range. Methods: Adult participants were recruited at 2 academic centers. A discovery cohort (n = 500) enrolled individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ranging from normal to CKD stage 5, in whom serum cortisol-to-cortisone (F/E) was measured as a biomarker of 11βHSD2 activity. A validation cohort (n = 101) enrolled only individuals with normal kidney function (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in whom 11βHSD2 activity was assessed via serum F/E and 11-hydroxy-to-11-keto androgen (11OH/K) ratios following multiple maneuvers: oral sodium suppression test, dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and ACTH-stimulation test (ACTHstim). Results: In the discovery cohort, lower eGFR was associated with higher F/E (P-trend < .001). Similarly, in the validation cohort, with normal eGFR, an inverse association between eGFR and both F/E and 11OH/K ratios was observed (P-trend < .01), which persisted following DST (P-trend < .001) and ACTHstim (P-trend < .05). The fractional excretion of potassium, a marker of renal MR activity, was higher with higher F/E (P-trend < .01) and with lower eGFR (P-trend < .0001). Conclusion: A continuum of declining 11βHSD2 activity was observed with progressively lower eGFR in individuals spanning a wide spectrum of kidney function, including those with apparently normal kidney function. These findings implicate cortisol-mediated MR activation in the pathophysiology of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in CKD.