Explotación sustentable del litio en Chile
Fecha
2021
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Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Derecho
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Resumen
Chile es el segundo productor mundial de litio y el país que posee las mayores
reservas del orbe, por lo que es en un actor fundamental en el mercado. En nuestro país, la
producción de este mineral se realiza mediante la evaporación solar de las salmueras que se
extraen desde los salares y, debido a la gran carga hídrica que ello significa, resulta
fundamental avanzar hacia una explotación sustentable que permita mantener un equilibrio
entre el interés económico, social y medioambiental.
Las particularidades, en materia jurídica, hacen aún más complejo el escenario, pues
conviven dos regulaciones. Una anterior a 1979 o periodo de concesibilidad y otra posterior,
en donde el litio pasa a ser de dominio absoluto del Estado e inconcesible. Respecto de estos
últimos, solo el estado, sus empresas o particulares vía concesiones administrativas o
contratos especiales de operaciones pueden extraer este mineral.
Si queremos continuar como uno de los mayores productores de litio a nivel mundial,
se deben tomar medidas que permita el pilotaje de nuevas tecnologías en los distintos salares
con viabilidad geológica, que a diferencia de las técnicas hoy usadas, podrían permitir una
explotación sostenible de este importante mineral para el futuro.
Chile is the world's second largest lithium producer and the world' s largest producer of lithium reserves, becoming a key player in the market. In Chile, the production of this mineral is performed by solar evaporation of the brines extracted from the salt flats and, due to the large water load that this means, it is critical to move towards a sustainable exploitation that will enable to maintain a balance between economic, social and environmental interests. The particularities, in legal matters, make the scenario even more complex, since there are two coexisting regulations. One prior to 1979, or concession period, and the other after, where lithium enters to the domain of the State and becomes unconcessionable. With respect 3 to the latter, only the state, its companies or individuals through administrative concessions or special operating contracts are allowed to extract this mineral. If we want to continue as one of the largest lithium producers in the world, measures must be taken to allow the piloting of new technologies in the different salt flats with geological feasibility, which, unlike the techniques used today, could allow a sustainable exploitation of this important mineral for the future of the world.
Chile is the world's second largest lithium producer and the world' s largest producer of lithium reserves, becoming a key player in the market. In Chile, the production of this mineral is performed by solar evaporation of the brines extracted from the salt flats and, due to the large water load that this means, it is critical to move towards a sustainable exploitation that will enable to maintain a balance between economic, social and environmental interests. The particularities, in legal matters, make the scenario even more complex, since there are two coexisting regulations. One prior to 1979, or concession period, and the other after, where lithium enters to the domain of the State and becomes unconcessionable. With respect 3 to the latter, only the state, its companies or individuals through administrative concessions or special operating contracts are allowed to extract this mineral. If we want to continue as one of the largest lithium producers in the world, measures must be taken to allow the piloting of new technologies in the different salt flats with geological feasibility, which, unlike the techniques used today, could allow a sustainable exploitation of this important mineral for the future of the world.
Descripción
Artículo Académico (Magíster en Derecho de los Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente)--Universidad Finis Terrae, 2021
Lugar de Publicación
Santiago, Chile
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Palabras clave
DERECHO AMBIENTAL -- CHILE, LITIO -- PRODUCCION, PROTECCION DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE -- ASPECTOS JURIDICOS -- CHILE, SUSTENTABILIDAD, MAGISTER EN DERECHO DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES Y MEDIO AMBIENTE, TESIS DIGITAL
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Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)