Dog companionship and cortisol levels in youth. A systematic review and meta-analysis

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dc.contributor.authorPeña-Jorquera, Humberto
dc.contributor.authorHernandez-Jaña, Sam
dc.contributor.authorSanchez-Martinez, Javier
dc.contributor.authorEspinoza-Puelles, Juan Pablo
dc.contributor.authorMartínez-Flores, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorBarreto-Schuch, Felipe
dc.contributor.authorYañez-Seplveda, Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorDelgado-Floody, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorFerrari, Gerson
dc.contributor.authorSadarangani, Kabir P.
dc.contributor.authorCancino, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorBento-Torres, Joao
dc.contributor.authorEspinoza-Salinas, Alexis
dc.contributor.authorStamatakis, Emmanuel
dc.contributor.authorCristi-Montero, Carlos
dc.coverage.spatialCanada
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-02T20:18:09Z
dc.date.available2025-12-02T20:18:09Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractObjective: Traditional and non-traditional strategies have been employed to improve youth health. Dog-assisted interventions have been proposed as a novel strategy to regulate stress and its consequences across all age groups. This systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis assessed the influence of dog-assisted interventions on cortisol levels in youth and explored potential moderators. Sources: We conducted a comprehensive systematic search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect, up to June 17, 2024, to evaluate the impact of dog-assisted interventions on youth cortisol levels. Two reviewers independently extracted and verified data from eligible randomized clinical trials, with a third reviewer ensuring accuracy. Cochrane's RoB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Heterogeneity was analyzed using Q and I2 statistics. A random-effects model was employed to calculate effect sizes (ES) using R software. Summary of the findings: Significant cortisol reductions were found for interventions lasting >15 min (ES: 0.65; p = .038), with a non-significant trend towards reduced cortisol in non-medical settings (ES: 0.46; p = .070). No significant effects were observed for shorter interventions, different control groups, or age-specific analyses. Meta-regression analysis revealed significant differences, showing better outcomes with longer intervention times and fewer female participants. Conclusion: Dog-assisted interventions lasting >15 min seem to be a promising and non-traditional strategy for regulating cortisol levels in children and adolescents in stressful situations. This study outlines gaps in the research and future directions.
dc.description.sponsorshipJ.S.-M is supported by the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID)/Scholarship Program/DOCTORADO BECAS CHILE/2022–(Grant Nº72220164).
dc.identifier.citationSocial science & medicine, Vo. 369 (2025) p. 1-10.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117815
dc.identifier.issn0277-9536
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-9861
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12254/7382
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/cl/
dc.subjectAnimal-assisted therapy
dc.subjectHealth
dc.subjectStress
dc.subjectChildhood
dc.subjectService dog
dc.titleDog companionship and cortisol levels in youth. A systematic review and meta-analysis
dc.typeArticle
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