Relación entre concentración de nanovesículas y presencia de enfermedad periodontal en pacientes de la clínica del adulto mayor y senescente (cas) de la Universidad Finis Terrae en el año 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. Its early diagnosis before the damage begins is essential, due to its progressive characteristics. Cells subjected to environmental stress communicate each other through signal molecules such as extracellular nanovesicles. These are found in all biological fluids, being useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of different diseases, which can guide us towards a possible timely diagnosis of periodontal disease, with the aim to avoid the progression of the disease to severe stages. General objective: to establish the relationship between the concentration of nanovesicles and the presence of periodontal disease in patients of the clinic for the elderly and senescent (CAS) of the Finis Terrae University recruited in 2022. Methodology: This research has a cross-sectional analytical methodological approach. The study variables are: Diagnosis of periodontal disease, concentration of nanovesicles, and gender. Saliva samples obtained from patients with a diagnosis of PD and without a diagnosis of PD (healthy) were used for this study, from the Clinic for the Elderly and Senescent Adults (CAS UFT) after signing informed consent. Procedure: Patients deposited their saliva in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes. The samples were diluted and acquired for viewing in the Nanosight NS300 equipment from Malvern Panalytical. As a negative control for the analysis of the exosome-type nanovesicles, PBS was used, while a solution of 100 nm size Latex-Polystyrene particles (Malvern, Worcestershire, UK) was used as a positive control for the identification of particle's size by Nanosight. Shapiro Wilk test was used to verify the normal distribution of the data. Median comparison tests were then performed using Student's T or Mann-Whitney U test. The study used a significance level of 0.05. Results and analysis: PD patients present larger nanoparticles compared to the group of healthy patients. Healthy patients presented a greater dispersion in terms of the concentration of 40-160 nm size nanoparticles, while PD patients exhibited less dispersion. In addition, it is observed that in this sample universe of 20 patients analyzed, PD patients had lower concentrations of nanoparticles between 40-160 nm size compared to healthy patients. Conclusion: The study suggests that PD patients have larger nanovesicles compared to the healthy group. Also, patients with PD have lower concentrations of exosome-like nanovesicles between 40-160 nm compared to healthy patients.