Comparison of the Mediterranean Diet and Other Therapeutic Strategies in Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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dc.contributor.authorBruna-Mejías, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorSan Martin, Jessica
dc.contributor.authorArciniegas-Diaz, Danna
dc.contributor.authorMeneses-Caroca, Trinidad
dc.contributor.authorSalamanca-Cerda, Amelia
dc.contributor.authorBeas-Gambi, Antonia
dc.contributor.authorLoaiza-Giraldo, Jessica Paola
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz-Ahumada, Cynthia
dc.contributor.authorNova-Baeza, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorOyanedel-Amaro, Gustavo
dc.contributor.authorOrellana-Donoso, Mathias
dc.contributor.authorSuazo Santibañez, Alejandra
dc.contributor.authorSanchis-Gimeno, Juan
dc.contributor.authorValenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan José
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-29T15:53:51Z
dc.date.available2025-09-29T15:53:51Z
dc.date.issued2025-06-19
dc.description.abstractThe Mediterranean diet (MD) is one of the healthiest diets, high in fiber, antioxidants, and unsaturated fats. MD improves lipid profiles, reduces inflammation, controls blood pressure, decreases insulin resistance, and enhances the sensitivity to this hormone, lowering the risks of Metabolic syndrome (MS). MS is characterized by central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. The objective of this study was to know the effectiveness of the MD versus other treatments in patients with MS. A systematic search across multiple databases, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cinahl, was conducted using keywords such as “Mediterranean diet”, “Mediterranean food”, “eat mediterranean”, “Metabolic syndrome”, and “x syndrome”. A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Mediterranean diet at different doses versus other diets or other treatments showed significant improvements in clinical parameters, including BMI (mean difference of −0.83 95% CI: −0.93 to −0.74; p < 0.00001),waist circumference (mean difference = −1.81, CI = −2.63 to −0.99, p < 0.00001) triglycerides (mean difference = −22.38, CI = −32.86 to −11.90, p < 0.00001), Glucose (mean difference = −4.28, CI = −7.64 to −0.93, p = 0.005) and, HOMA IR (mean difference = −0.72, CI = −0.78 to −0.65, p < 0.00001), and Insulin resistance (mean difference = −2.98, CI = −3.27 to −2.69, p < 0.00001), all of which improved, Although there were more outcomes, these are the most important changes for patients with metabolic syndrome. MD improves metabolic and cardiovascular health, but study heterogeneity limits the results’ generalizability. Because of that, further research is needed to standardize approaches and explore their mechanisms. MD should be part of an optimized strategy that includes education and physical activity. The strength of the evidence was very low according to the GRADE approach. Further research is needed to support the efficacy of the Mediterranean diet in patients with MS.
dc.identifier.citationInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 26, N°12, 5887 (2025) p. 1-30.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125887
dc.identifier.issn1422-0067
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-062X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12254/4322
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/cl/
dc.subjectMediterranean diet
dc.subjectMediterranean food
dc.subjectEat mediterranean
dc.subjectMetabolic syndrome
dc.subjectX syndrome
dc.titleComparison of the Mediterranean Diet and Other Therapeutic Strategies in Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
dc.typeArticle
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