Global neural oscillations underlie performance variability and attentional state fluctuations in humans

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dc.contributor.authorHerrero, Joaquín
dc.coverage.spatialScientific Reports
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-12T18:59:31Z
dc.date.available2026-08-12T18:59:31Z
dc.date.issued2026-04-24
dc.description.abstractFluctuations in attentional states, such as mind-wandering (MW), are associated with critical variability in task performance. While fMRI studies highlight the opposing roles of task-positive (e.g., dorsal attention network) and task-negative (e.g., default mode network) systems, the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying these dynamics remain poorly understood. Using intracranial electrocorticography in humans performing a sustained attention task, we identified global oscillatory dynamics linked to attentional shifts. MW was characterized by (1) reduced theta (θ) and alpha (α) power, (2) decreased aperiodic signal components, indicating a shift toward cortical inhibition, (3) enhanced phase synchronization across networks, and (4) strengthened θ phase-behavior correlations (ρ). These features support a non-network-specific framework in which low-frequency θ dynamics—captured by both θ power and ρ—are associated with attentional fluctuations, while aperiodic offset relates to attentional state indirectly through its association with ρ (structural equation modeling: power → state β = − 0.118, p = 0.002; ρ → state β = 0.246, p < 0.001; offset → ρ β = − 0.222, p < 0.001). Our study provides a unified neurophysiological framework for understanding how spontaneous neural activity can drive attentional fluctuations and performance variability, with implications for research on attention, learning, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID), Beca DoctoradoNacional 21191510 (JH), FONDECYT (1251073 to PB, AF-V), FONDECYT 1210659 (FA, RH-C, PF, RU, CC),FONDO INTERNO NEUROLOGIA-PUC (RU, RH-C), Centro ANID de Interés Nacional IINARA CIN250068, Chile, FONDECYT 11261678 (AF-V)
dc.identifier.citationScientific Reports, Vo. 16, N° 18885 (2026) pp. 1-16
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-49900-6
dc.identifier.issne2045-2322
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-4210-1016
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12254/7697
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.rightsAcceso abierto
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/cl/
dc.subjectMind-Wandering
dc.subject.nabs07 - Protección y mejora de la salud humana
dc.subject.odsODS 3 - Salud y bienestar
dc.subject.oecd3.1.4 - Neurociencias
dc.subject.techSD - Salud Digital
dc.titleGlobal neural oscillations underlie performance variability and attentional state fluctuations in humans
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
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