Resveratrol and its properties as an antitumor agent: a focus on colorectal cancer

Abstract

Colorectal cancer, a leading gastrointestinal malignancy globally, often develops from untreated benign polyps. The intestinal microbiota is essential for gut homeostasis and tumorigenesis prevention. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in foods like grapes and wines, has demonstrated potential in modulating microbiota and reducing cancer risk. This chapter reviews the role of resveratrol in regulating gut microbiota and preventing colorectal cancer. Resveratrol promotes beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) while inhibiting pathogenic strains (e.g., Clostridium, Helicobacter pylori). It exerts anticancer effects by modulating inflammatory cytokines, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis. Despite its promise, the low bioavailability of resveratrol presents significant challenges. Innovative strategies, such as nanoparticle encapsulation and liposomal delivery, offer potential solutions to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol. Further clinical studies are needed to optimize the application of resveratrol in colorectal cancer.