Redox biology at the intersection of physical activity and air pollution: Mechanisms, consequences, and complexity

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dc.contributor.authorHenríquez-Olguín, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorJeria-Espinoza, Valentina
dc.contributor.authorOpazo-Diaz, Edgardo
dc.contributor.authorMarchini, Timoteo
dc.coverage.spatialUSA
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-03T17:58:18Z
dc.date.available2025-12-03T17:58:18Z
dc.date.issued2025-09-23
dc.description.abstractAir pollution and physical inactivity are leading contributors to the global burden of chronic disease and premature mortality. While exercise is a well-established stimulus for physiological adaptations and disease prevention, it also transiently increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which function as essential signals for metabolic remodeling and cellular resilience. In contrast, exposure to air pollution, specifically fine particulate matter (PM2.5), leads to sustained and uncontrolled ROS production, promoting oxidative damage, inflammation, and cardiometabolic dysfunction. This review examines a critical and under-investigated question: How does exercising in polluted environments affect the redox signaling pathways that mediate the health benefits of exercise? We summarize current knowledge at the intersection of exercise physiology, redox biology, and environmental toxicology, with a particular focus on the roles of ROS sources, the scavenger system, and downstream physiological responses. By integrating findings from human and animal studies, we identify factors such as air pollution sources and level of exposure, exercise intensity, and age that shape redox outcomes. We also identify key knowledge gaps to clarify how context-specific redox responses determine whether exercise promotes adaptation or exacerbates pollution-related harm, providing essential insights for future mechanistic research and evidence-based public policies.
dc.identifier.citationFree Radical Biology and Medicine V. 241 (2025) p. 488-497.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.09.047
dc.identifier.issn0891-5849
dc.identifier.issne1873-4596
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-9365
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-4168-198X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12254/7385
dc.publisherFree Radical Biology and Medicine
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/cl/
dc.subjectRedox biology
dc.subjectEnvironmental toxicology
dc.subjectPhysical activity and exercise physiology
dc.titleRedox biology at the intersection of physical activity and air pollution: Mechanisms, consequences, and complexity
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