Unilateral Lung Agenesis: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Anatomical Variants, and Clinical Implications

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dc.contributor.authorOrellana-Donoso, Mathias
dc.contributor.authorBarrenechea-Salvador, Mariano
dc.contributor.authorCaro-Navarro, Joaquín
dc.contributor.authorCervela-Díaz, Matías
dc.contributor.authorChacón-Ortiz, Cristian
dc.contributor.authorClaudet-Córdoba, Nicolás
dc.contributor.authorSanchis-Gimeno, Juan
dc.contributor.authorNova-Baeza, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorValenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan José
dc.contributor.authorSuazo Santibañez, Alejandra
dc.contributor.authorValdes-Orrego, Iván
dc.contributor.authorCifuentes-Suazo, Gloria
dc.contributor.authorLeon-Rojas, Jose E.
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-30T14:00:17Z
dc.date.available2025-09-30T14:00:17Z
dc.date.issued2025-09-08
dc.description.abstractUnilateral lung agenesis (ULA) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the complete absence of one lung, often accompanied by cardiovascular, skeletal, or gastrointestinal malformations. Despite its clinical significance, evidence of prevalence, anatomical variants, and outcomes remain fragmented. This systematic review aimed to synthesize existing data on ULA’s prevalence, anatomical classifications, diagnostic approaches, and clinical implications. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, five databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE) were searched from inception to January 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed case reports, case series, and observational studies on ULA in humans. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Narrative synthesis was performed due to methodological heterogeneity. Results: Thirty-two studies (137 participants) were included. Right-sided ULA predominated (58%), with poorer prognoses due to mediastinal distortion. Cardiovascular anomalies (40%) were the most common comorbidity. Diagnostic modalities included chest radiography (85%), CT (70%), and bronchoscopy (25%). Schneider-Boyden scale was used to classify the included studies. Risk of bias assessment revealed 65% of studies as low risk, 28% as moderate, and 7% as high risk. Conclusions: ULA necessitates multidisciplinary management, particularly in cases with associated anomalies. Left-sided ULA correlates with better outcomes, emphasizing the role of early imaging. Limitations include reliance on case reports and inconsistent reporting of anatomical variants. Future research should adopt standardized classifications and longitudinal designs to improve evidence quality.
dc.identifier.citationDiagnostics, Vol. 15, N°17, 2272 (2025) p. 1-19
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15172272
dc.identifier.issn2075-4418
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-062X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12254/4327
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/cl/
dc.subjectUnilateral lung agenesis
dc.subjectUnilateral lung aplasia
dc.subjectUnilateral lung absence
dc.titleUnilateral Lung Agenesis: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Anatomical Variants, and Clinical Implications
dc.typeArticle
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