Principales compensaciones dentoalveolares en pacientes clase II esqueletal en los tres patrones rotacionales

• Iturrieta, Luis Rodrigo

• Sistema Masticatorio

Introduction: Craniofacial growth and development is a complex multifactorial phenomenon in which all cephalic structures originate, develop and organize in mutual balance. The masticatory system is very complex, it is comprised of muscles, bones, ligaments and teeth, this is how the correct relationship of these elements is essential for proper functioning and integration. In the different skeletal classes, various characteristics, both dental and skeletal segments, have been reported. On the other hand, rotational types or different facial biotypes, which correspond to the morphological and functional characteristics that determine the direction of growth and functional behavior of the craniofacial mass of an individual. Thus, it is essential to understand that dentoalveolar compensations aim to achieve relationships considered normal between dental and alveolar arches. Materials and methods: A total of 309 profile teleradiographies of skeletal class II patients from the National Institute of Orthodontics (INO) were reviewed. The total universe was 1562 patients and the N-ME, NA-NB, S-PO, IMPA and ISP angles were analyzed. Results: In the present study, we found 19 patients with a Brachifacial rotational type corresponding to 6.1%, 63 patients with a mesofacial rotational type corresponding to 20.4%, and finally, 227 patients with a dolichofacial rotational type corresponding to 73.5%, the latter being the most prevalent. The male sex obtained a higher prevalence for the dolichofacial rotational type with 81.4% of the total sample corresponding to the male sex, compared to the female sex, which obtained a prevalence of 68.9% of the total sample corresponding to the female sex. There was no type of compensation in the 3 rotational types according to the results obtained by the IS-PP angle. For the IMPA angle, it was found that patients with the dolichofacial rotational type obtained significant differences, protruding the lower incisors, thus generating a type of dentoalveolar compensation. No type of association was found between the combination of variables sex and rotational type in the present study. Conclusion: Among the skeletal class II patients, the main biotype found was dolichofacial with a higher prevalence associated with the male sex. As compensation found, a greater tendency to protrude the lower incisors was obtained only for the dolichofacial rotational type. For the other rotational types, no type of dentoalveolar compensation was found that could be generated within the variables studied.

Tesis (Cirujano Dentista)--Universidad Finis Terrae, 2022