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Ítem Formación integral para la sostenibilidad alimentaria: una asignatura pendiente en Latinoamérica(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2025-10-31) Rincón-Cervera, Miguel Ángel; López-Arana, Sandra; Martínez-Galán, Julián PaulLa sostenibilidad constituye un eje estratégico para abordar los desafíos relacionados con los sistemas alimentarios a nivel local, nacional, regional y global. Fenómenos como la sindemia global y la triple crisis planetaria representan actualmente serias amenazas para los sistemas alimentarios, y en este escenario, la implementación de prácticas sostenibles y el uso de nuevas tecnologías para garantizar una alimentación adecuada sin comprometer los recursos y el bienestar de las futuras generaciones es de vital importancia. En Latinoamérica, las universidades deben liderar la formación de talento humano interdisciplinario mediante programas de Magíster accesibles y con un enfoque integral, que promuevan la articulación entre la academia, la industria, la sociedad y las instituciones de gobierno para avanzar en el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Agenda 2030. Sustainability is a strategic focus for addressing challenges related to food systems at the local, national, regional, and global levels. Phenomena such as the global syndemic and the triple planetary crisis currently pose serious threats to food systems. In this scenario, the implementation of sustainable practices and the use of new technologies to ensure adequate nutrition without compromising resources and the well-being of future generations is of vital importance. In Latin America, universities must lead the training of interdisciplinary human capital through accessible Master’s programs with a comprehensive approach that promote coordination between academia, industry, society, and government institutions to advance the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda.Ítem Respiratory effects of trunk inclination in obese and non-obese patients mechanically ventilated for ARDS(BMC, 2025-09-28) Benites, Martín Hernán; Bihari, Shailesh; Battiato, Romina; Bruhn, Alejandro; Bugedo, Guillermo; Costa, Eduardo L. V.; Dellamonica, Jean; Guérin, Claude; Langer, Thomas; Marini, John J.; Marrazo, Francesco; Mezidi, Mehdi; Selickman, John; Wiersema, Ubbo F.; Retamal, JaimeBackground Adjusting trunk inclination in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome directly affects physiological variables such as respiratory mechanics and PaCO2 levels. These effects may vary according to the body mass index (BMI) due to differences in lung and chest wall mechanics, highlighting the need for further investigation to clarify the clinical relevance of body position across patient subgroups. Methods A secondary analysis compared the physiological effects of increasing trunk inclination angles between mechanically ventilated patients with obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) and those without obesity (BMI<30kg/m2). Results Data from 159 patients collected across seven individual studies were analyzed. The following physiological changes were observed in response to increased trunk inclination: Sixty-five patients with obesity presented a greater decrease in respiratory system compliance (-7.5 [-10; -5] mL/cmH2O; p<0.001) compared to ninety-four patients without obesity (-3.5 [-7; -0.08] mL/cmH2O; p=0.045). Lung compliance decreased in obese patients (-7.8 [-12.4; -3.3] mL/cmH2O; p<0.001), whereas no significant changes were observed in patients without obesity (-5.9 [-14.2; 2.3] mL/cmH2O; p=0.160). Chest wall compliance decreased by -42.9 [-63.2; -22.6] mL/cmH2O (p<0.001) in obese patients and by -47.7 [-95.3; -0.15] mL/cmH2O in non-obese patients (p=0.049). PaCO2 increased in obese patients by 4.6 [1.4;7.8] mmHg (p=0.004) but not in patients without obesity (2.5 [-0.6; 5.6] (p=0.113). No significant differences were observed in PaO2/FIO2 between phases. Conclusions Increasing the trunk inclination angle during passive ventilation reduces respiratory system, lung, and chest wall compliance. This effect was more pronounced in obese patients. Moreover, only this population exhibited an increase in PaCO2. We acknowledge the methodological heterogeneity across the included studies, which may have influenced the results. Overall, our results highlight the importance of considering BMI as a significant variable that influences individual physiological responses to changes in bed inclination.Ítem Propuestas para reducir las listas de espera odontológica: Mesa de Consenso sobre la Lista de Espera Odontológica: Metodología Delphi adaptada(Universidad Finis Terrae, 2025) Caro, Juan Carlos; Moya, Patricia; Zamorano Vidal, Sebastián; Ponce Ibáñez, NicolásPresentar las propuestas consensuadas por un panel de 14 expertos nacionales e internacionales para abordar una de las principales urgencias en salud pública: la crítica de las listas de espera odontológicas en Chile. Este informe busca motivar la acción legislativa y ejecutiva para revertir décadas de rezago en salud bucal.Ítem Muscle-specific AXIN1 and AXIN2 double knockout does not alter AMPK/mTORC1 signalling or glucose metabolism(The Physiological Society, 2025-07-01) Persson, Kaspar W.; Meneses-Valdés, Roberto; Andersen, Nicoline R.; Pedersen, Frederik S.; Gallo, Samantha; Hesselager, Sofie A.; Henríquez-Olguín, Carlos; Jensen, Thomas E.AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) are crucial kinase signalling hubs that regulate the balance between catabolism and anabolism in skeletal muscle. The scaffold protein AXIN1 has been proposed to regulate the switch between these pathways and be required for GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle and adipocyte cell lines. Muscle-specific AXIN1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit no discernable phenotype, possibly due to compensation by AXIN2 upon AXIN1 loss. Thus we generated and characterized muscle-specific inducible AXIN1 and AXIN2 double knockout (dKO) mice. Surprisingly AXIN1/2 dKO mice displayed normal AMPK and mTORC1 signalling and glucose uptake in response to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), insulin and in situ muscle contraction. These findings suggest that AXIN proteins are not essential for the regulation of AMPK and mTORC1 signalling or glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. This study challenges the previously indicated critical roles of AXIN1 in exercise-stimulated AMPK activation and GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. KEY POINTS: Phenotyping of tamoxifen-inducible muscle-specific AXIN1/2 double knockout (dKO) mice. We find no evidence for AXIN-dependent AMPK or mTORC1 regulation in skeletal muscle by insulin, AMPK activation or contraction. Glucose uptake regulation by insulin and AMPK activation is normal in AXIN1/2 dKO mice.Ítem NAD depletion in skeletal muscle does not compromise muscle function or accelerate aging(Elsevier, 2025-06-25) Chubanava, Sabina; Karavaeva, Iuliia; Ehrlich, Amy M.; Justicia, Roger M.; Basse, Astrid L.; Kulik, Ivan; Dalbram, Emilie; Ahwazi, Danial; Heaselgrave, Samuel R.; Trost, Kajetan; Stocks, Ben; Hodek, Ondrej; Rodrigues, Raissa N.; Havelund, Jesper F.; Schlabs, Farina L.; Larsen, Steen; Yonamine, Caio Y.; Henríquez-Olguín, Carlos; Giustarini, Daniela; Rossi, Ranieri; Gerhart-Hines, Zachary; Moritz, Thomas; Zierath, Juleen R.; Sakamoto, Kei; Jensen, Thomas E.; Færgeman, Nils J.; Lavery, Gareth G.; Deshmukh, Atul S.; Treebak, Jonas T.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a ubiquitous electron carrier essential for energy metabolism and post-translational modification of numerous regulatory proteins. Dysregulations of NAD metabolism are widely regarded as detrimental to health, with NAD depletion commonly implicated in aging. However, the extent to which cellular NAD concentration can decline without adverse consequences remains unclear. To investigate this, we generated a mouse model in which nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis was disrupted in adult skeletal muscle. The intervention resulted in an 85% reduction in muscle NAD+ abundance while maintaining tissue integrity and functionality, as demonstrated by preserved muscle morphology, contractility, and exercise tolerance. This absence of functional impairments was further supported by intact mitochondrial respiratory capacity and unaltered muscle transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. Furthermore, lifelong NAD depletion did not accelerate muscle aging or impair whole-body metabolism. Collectively, these findings suggest that NAD depletion does not contribute to age-related decline in skeletal muscle function.Ítem Holismo semántico y metáforas: estructura, contexto y variación interpretativa(Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, 2025) Dantas Freitas Estrela, Kênio AngeloThis article combines Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory with Henry Jackman’s moderate semantic holism to offer a more precise understanding of figurative language as a situated semantic phenomenon. It argues that, while conceptual metaphor theory provides a coherent framework for explaining systematicity, it tends to underestimate interpretive variability and the role of discursive context. In contrast, moderate holism conceives metaphorical meaning as a many-to-one function, locally stabilized within partially shared belief networks. Through a theoretical review and the analysis of three metaphors drawn from contemporary Spanish—related to running, teaching, and emotional life—the article shows that figurative interpretation does not follow fixed rules or literal substitutions, but rather emerges from situated communicative practices. This approach broadens the scope of figurative meaning studies from an interdisciplinary perspective, combining philosophical and linguistic tools with special attention to context. This article combines Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory with Henry Jackman’s moderate semantic holism to offer a more precise understanding of figurative language as a situated semantic phenomenon. It argues that, while conceptual metaphor theory provides a coherent framework for explaining systematicity, it tends to underestimate interpretive variability and the role of discursive context. In contrast, moderate holism conceives metaphorical meaning as a many-to-one function, locally stabilized within partially shared belief networks. Through a theoretical review and the analysis of three metaphors drawn from contemporary Spanish—related to running, teaching, and emotional life—the article shows that figurative interpretation does not follow fixed rules or literal substitutions, but rather emerges from situated communicative practices. This approach broadens the scope of figurative meaning studies from an interdisciplinary perspective, combining philosophical and linguistic tools with special attention to context.Ítem Las máquinas de mirar: el teleorama como dispositivo pedagógico(RU Books Recolectores Urbanos; Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, 2025) Carrasco Purull, Gonzalo; Salvatierra Meza, BelénEn este capítulo se presenta una experiencia docente desarrollada en el marco de la asignatura Arquitectura antigua y la tradición clásica, en la que se implementaron metodologías basadas en tecnologías inmersivas. A partir del concepto de “máquinas de mirar”, se exploraron las posibilidades críticas de los dispositivos ópticos y de la representación arquitectónica mediante el uso del teleorama como herramienta para analizar las imágenes producidas por Karl Friedrich Schinkel y PaulMarie Letarouilly. El alumnado trabajó en la identificación de planos de profundidad y en la construcción de artefactos que reproducían las perspectivas originales. La propuesta metodológica incentivó tanto el empleo de tecnologías digitales como una reflexión crítica sobre el impacto de las imágenes en la formación arquitectónica contemporánea. Los resultados evidenciaron la necesidad de plantear nuevas formas de comprensión de la imagen en el ámbito de la enseñanza de la arquitectura.Ítem Vidas suspendidas: melancolía, ecología y kitsch(Universidad de Palermo, 2025-07) Carrasco Purull, Gonzalo; Salvatierra Meza, BelénEl Antropoceno no solo está modificando las formas en que la naturaleza se exhibe en museos y exposiciones, sino también las categorías de patrimonio y cultura, que están siendo desplazadas hacia narrativas que trascienden lo humano. Ante un horizonte de extinciones masivas, no solo es fundamental cuestionar qué debe ser preservado y recordado, sino también explorar cuáles son las narrativas construidas en colaboración entre humanos y no humanos. El presente trabajo analiza cómo la pérdida de ecosistemas ha sido abordada desde una museografía particular, aquella que presenta objetos planetarios, como semillas, crustáceos y otras especies, encapsulados en dispositivos que muestran la vida en estado suspendido, como fanales de cristal o resina. Estas representaciones se manifiestan bajo una de las formas en que se ha expresado la categoría estética de lo kitsch, que más allá de su asociación con lo banal, popular o excesivo, asume desde su artificialidad una posible manera de enfrentar el sentido de pérdida biológica y cultural generado por la Sexta Extinción en curso. Donna Haraway define este fenómeno como una doble muerte, una noción que adquiere relevancia en la actualidad a través de exhibiciones que funcionan como síntomas de un ethos marcado por la melancolía. Este estado emocional, vinculado históricamente a lo kitsch, ha alcanzado un desarrollo especial en momentos de crisis y pérdida del sentido de finalidad. Por ello, resulta crucial preguntarse acerca de los afectos que estas exhibiciones están produciendo, especialmente ante la necesidad de construir narrativas que integren lo que se ha perdido, lo que aún puede ser salvado y los mundos posibles que todavía puedenÍtem Las fisuras del sistema en la publicación académica en pediatría:una crítica al acceso abierto y sus consecuencias(Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría, 2025-10-21) Díaz, Franco; Gómez-Lund, Oscar; Riderelli, Jocelyn; Monteverde-Fernández, Nicolás; González-Dambrauskas, Sebastián; Jabornisky, Roberto; Jaramillo-Bustamante, Juan Camilo; Caporal, PaulaEn las últimas dos décadas, la publicación académica ha experimentado transformaciones profundas con la digitalización y el acceso a internet. En forma concomitante, el movimiento de Acceso Abierto ha desempeñado un papel fundamental en la mejora de la accesibilidad al conocimiento científico mediante la eliminación de pagos y otras barreras restrictivas. Si bien esta democratización de la información ha generado beneficios sustanciales, también ha introducido desafíos complejos, convirtiendo las publicaciones médicas en una industria lucrativa que pone a prueba los límites éticos de las prácticas comerciales y, en última instancia, la integridad de la investigación. La concentración de poder en unas pocas grandes editoriales dentro de un mercado sesgado e inelástico, la proliferación de editoriales con fines de lucro y la creciente carga financiera, trasladada a los autores, son factores críticos que contribuyen a la crisis actual de la academia. El objetivo de este manuscrito es examinar los principales hitos en la evolución de la publicación académica, analizar su panorama actual y discutir los desafíos fundamentales que enfrenta la industria en la era del Acceso Abierto, particularmente desde la perspectiva de investigadores en pediatría en América Latina. Over the past two decades, academic publishing has undergone substantial transformation, largely driven by digitalization and increased global Internet access. In parallel, the Open Access (OA) movement has played a critical role in advancing equitable access to scientific knowledge by eliminating paywalls and licensing restrictions. While these developments have yielded considerable benefits–particularly in enhancing the dissemination and democratization of research– they have also generated complex ethical and structural challenges. Notably, the consolidation of publishing power among a few major editorial houses, the emergence of profit-driven publication models, and the shifting of publication costs onto authors, have contributed to a growing crisis in academic medicine. These trends have raised concerns regarding transparency, editorial independence, and the overall integrity of the scientific record. This manuscript aims to delineate the historical and structural evolution of academic publishing, assess its current landscape, and critically examine the key challenges facing the field in the context of Open Access. Particular attention is given to the implications for pediatric researchers in Latin America, who are disproportionately affected by these systemic barriers.Ítem Diez recomendaciones clave para fortalecer los cuidados intensivos pediátricos: una revisión narrativa desde América Latina(Sociedad y Fundación Española de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, 2025-10-01) Gómez-Lund, Oscar; Donoso-Fuentes, Alejandro; López-Barón, Eliana; Ruge-Joya, Erika Johana; Díaz, Franco; Alzate-Hernández, Hulizay Paola; Morantes-Flórez, Jennifer Giseth; Jaramillo-Bustamante, Juan Camilo; Higuera-Álvarez, Lorena Alejandra; Sarmiento-Guzmán, María Piedad; Aguilar-Zamora, Nadia Sofía Alejandra; Vásquez-Hoyos, Pablo; Torres-González, Pamela; Zárate-Castañon, Patricia; Jabornisky, Roberto; Roa-Giraldo, Juan DavidEsta revisión narrativa presenta diez recomendaciones clave para fortalecer la práctica de las unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) en el entorno clínico actual. Estas reflexiones surgieron de la experiencia compartida de intensivistas pediátricos latinoamericanos y se sustentan en la literatura relevante. Abordan desafíos comunes como el reconocimiento y el manejo tempranos del deterioro clínico, el equilibrio entre la reanimación con líquidos y el uso temprano de vasopresores, la detección temprana de la falla de la ventilación no invasiva (VNI) y la promoción de la nutrición enteral. Otros temas incluyen el uso racional de antibióticos, las prácticas éticas de restricción y la integración de las familias como participantes activos en la atención. La revisión también destaca la importancia de tomar decisiones oportunas sobre la extubación, un mejor uso de los recursos y el equilibrio entre el juicio clínico y las herramientas objetivas. Aunque estas recomendaciones surgieron en América Latina, consideramos que son de aplicación universal. This narrative review presents ten key recommendations aimed at strengthening pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) practice in today’s clinical environment. These reflections emerged from the shared experience of Latin American pediatric intensivists and are supported by relevant literature. They address common challenges such as early recognition and management of clinical deterioration, balancing fluid resuscitation with early vasopressor use, early detection of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) failure, and promoting enteral nutrition. Additional topics include rational antibiotic use, ethical restraint practices, and the integration of families as active participants in care. The review also highlights the value of timely extubation decisions, better resource use, and the balancing clinical judgment with objective tools. Although developed from the perspective of Latin American clinicians, we consider these recommendations to have universal applicability.Ítem Revealing the secrets of the number pi and copper number algorithms(Mathematics and Technology, LLC, 2025-10-13) Silva Ulloa, AdriánThe present text constitutes a compilation of humanity's fervour to ascertain the enigmatic number pi, entitled "Revealing the secrets of the number pi and the algorithms of the copper number". In this essay, we seek to illuminate the hidden intricacies of this number, explore its potential connections with other numerical entities, investigate the alleged falsehoods associated with its proponents, and delve into more complex subjects by employing calculus, series, and contemporary technologies. The document's intention is to demonstrate the methods and justify the interesting procedures that lead to the solution of numerical problems, with a particular focus on the number pi. It is a valuable resource for mathematicians, computer scientists, and anyone with an interest in formulas or the human ingenuity behind their discovery. The author posits that each contribution of knowledge leads to a subsequent step, and the discovery of the so-called "absolutely convergent series" will allow the reader to devise an algorithm to find all the digits of pi.Ítem Idoneidad y pertinencia del recurso de queja en contra de las decisiones de los procedimientos contencioso-administrativos(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2025-07-02) Valenzuela Zañartu, Tomás; Villarroel Flores, MatíasEl trabajo se centra en el análisis del recurso de queja como mecanismo de impugnación de las sentencias pronunciadas en los procedimientos contencioso-administrativos en que el legislador ha vedado la posibilidad de recurrir en contra de dicha decisión, o en aquellos que se nada dice al respecto. Pese a que el mencionado recurso es el comúnmente utilizado para tales efectos en la práctica, se estima que no es el medio más idóneo y pertinente de impugnación, debido a su finalidad eminentemente disciplinaria, su causal de procedencia y el propósito que por medio de él pretende alcanzar la Corte Suprema, la uniformidad y correcta aplicación del derecho administrativo y el resguardo del derecho al recurso judicial como garantía del derecho a un racional y justo procedimiento. Por ello, se sostiene que sería más idónea y adecuada la procedencia del recurso de casación en el fondo en contra de las decisiones pronunciadas en los contenciosos.Ítem Capítulo 14: La demolición como medida de gobernanza del territorio: una herramienta multipropósito(Editorial Colex, 2025) Valenzuela Zañartu, TomásLa medida de demolición puede ser considerada como una medida de restablecimiento de la legalidad o como una medida de protección a la salud de la población, pudiendo tener en algunos casos ese doble carácter. La regulación de la medida es dispar según la autoridad que puede disponerla, encontrando diferencias en torno al procedimiento, impugnación y patrimonio. La escasa o inadecuada regulación de la medida puede transformar esta atribución en un texto vacío, impidiendo su ejercicio por parte de las autoridades facultadas para ordenarla. Conviene hacer reformas a la regulación de la medida, atendida la importancia que puede tener no solo para el adecuado desarrollo de las ciudades, sino también para el aseguramiento de la salud de la población.Ítem Capítulo 21: Gobernanza híbrida en Chile en situación de severa sequia: análisis y alcances de su regulación(Editorial Colex, 2025) Montes Cáceres, Ítalo PauloTal como se ha expuesto precedentemente, la administración frente a situaciones de sequías utiliza la herramienta de la declaratoria de escasez, y llama la atención que dicha declaración sea cuando se cumplen los criterios técnicos de la propia Dirección, es decir, cuando ya estamos envuelto en una situación de severa sequía, lo cual nos dice que la política del Estado es más de gestor de crisis que de riesgos. Pues dicha herramienta debe ir acompañada de una información clara y transversal de datos por parte de la DGA para una mejor toma de decisiones y también se deben implementar otros títulos de intervención administrativa que permitan adoptar medidas eficientes contra la severa sequía y escasez hídrica, bajo un carácter preventivo y reactivo. Si bien no hay una receta universal para la mejora de la gobernanza del agua, se debe propenderse a una gestión y colaboración integrada de los recursos hídricos a través de instrumentos preventivos y reactivos que permitan adoptar políticas claves frente a situaciones de severa sequía y escasez hídrica. De manera que contar con información actualizada, aumentar instancias de participación entre el Estado y la sociedad civil junto a los particulares, mediante respectivas organizaciones de usuarios, fomentar los PEGH en las cuencas y adoptar un plan de Estado a largo plazo para hacer frente a las necesidades presentes sin comprometer a las futuras generaciones, son algunas de las medidas que se deben adoptar para mejorar nuestra institucionalidad hídrica.Ítem National epidemiological analysis of lupus in Chile: a registry-based study from 2013 to 2024(Sage Publications, 2025-10) Vergara, Karen; Ramirez, Paulina; Handrujovicz, Ivana; Giglio, AndrésBackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations and regional variations in epidemiology. Despite its clinical significance, robust epidemiological data from Latin America, particularly Chile, remain limited. This study aims to provide the first comprehensive epidemiological assessment of SLE in Chile using population-adjusted denominators and rigorous statistical methods.MethodsWe analyzed data from Chile's Specific Health Guarantees Program (GES) from July 2013 to August 2024, covering 95% of the insured population. Population denominators were obtained from Chile's National Institute of Statistics stratified by age and sex. Incidence rates were calculated using annual new case reports from 2014 to 2023, while prevalence and mortality were estimated through 2024. All analyses included 95% confidence intervals using Poisson distribution methods. Rate ratios were calculated using Poisson regression models with population offset terms. Sensitivity analyses modeled different assumptions regarding program discharge mortality proportions.ResultsThe median annual SLE incidence in Chile was 7.1 per 100,000 beneficiaries (IQR 6.3-7.7) using population-adjusted denominators. Prevalence increased from 26.7 per 100,000 in 2013 to 91.3 per 100,000 in 2024. The male-to-female incidence ratio was 1:10.61 (Rate Ratio: 0.093, 95% CI: 0.088-0.098). Mortality analysis using program discharges as a proxy revealed an overall rate of 11.9 per 1000 SLE patients (IQR 7.2-18.8), with significantly higher rates in males compared to females (Rate Ratio: 1.756, 95% CI: 1.546-1.987). Age-stratified analysis demonstrated progressive mortality increases, with patients ≥60 years showing rates of 87.4 per 1000 in males and 49.0 per 1000 in females. Sensitivity analyses modeling different assumptions about discharge mortality (70%-100% fatal) yielded mortality estimates ranging from 8.2 to 11.9 per 1000 SLE patients.ConclusionsThis study provides a comprehensive epidemiological assessment of SLE in Chile using population-adjusted denominators and statistical confidence intervals. Our findings demonstrate SLE incidence rates higher than North American estimates, significant sex disparities in both incidence and mortality, and age-related mortality progression. The sensitivity analysis addresses limitations in mortality estimation through administrative data. These findings contribute essential epidemiological parameters for healthcare planning and underscore the need for enhanced surveillance systems for autoimmune diseases in Latin America.Ítem Cocaine polydrug use and its impact on intentional harm recognition: a highdensity EEG study(Springer Nature, 2025-08-14) Morales Sepúlveda, Juan Pablo; Van Dam, Nicholas T.; Huepe-Artigas, Daniela; Rivera-Rei, Álvaro; San-Martin, Consuelo; Rojas-Thomas, Felipe; Valdés, Joaquín; Ibáñez, Agustín; Huepe, DavidBackground Cocaine and stimulant consumption constitute a significant global issue and are associated with impaired social skills. However, the relationship between substance abuse and intentional harm recognition remains unclear. Intentional harm recognition is a crucial social cognitive ability that allows individuals to determine whether a harmful action performed by another person is deliberate or accidental. Methods The present study examined self-reported, behavioural, and neural responses associated with intentional harm recognition in n = 19 cocaine polydrug users (COC) and n = 19 healthy controls (HC). High-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) was used to measure brain activity during an Intentional Inference Task (IIT), which assesses fast intention recognition in scenarios involving deliberate or unintentional harm to people and objects. This study took place between 2014 and 2015 in Santiago, Chile. Results Behaviorally, COC exhibited slower reaction times (RT) than HC. Event-related potential (ERP) analysis revealed late frontal differences in HC when attributing intentional harm, while these differences were absent in COC. Conclusions These findings suggest a potential shift in COC towards emotional over-involvement and away from rational cognitive assessment of social information. The present results provide new insights into the recognition of intentional harm processing in cocaine polydrug users and highlight the potential clinical benefits of interventions focused on socio-emotional regulation training.Ítem BOLDSC: A New Dynamic, Secondary-Memory Metric Index(Springer Nature, 2025-10-01) Paredes, Rodrigo; Reyes, Nora; Figueroa, Karina; Hoffhein, ManuelMetric space searching addresses the problem of efficient similarity searching across diverse applications, in particular for non-structured objects, for instance, natural language or images. Although promising, this approach is still immature in several aspects that are well-established in traditional databases. Particularly, most indexing schemes are not dynamic, as they cannot efficiently handle insertions over an ongoing index without significant performance degradation. Moreover, very few of them work efficiently in secondary memory. The List of Clusters (LC) has proven to be a competitive index in main memory due to its simplicity and good search performance in high dimensional metric spaces. We introduce a new dynamic, secondary-memory LC variant. Our new index efficiently handles the secondary memory scenario and achieves competitive search and insertion times compared to the state-of-the-art, making it a practical alternative for large-scale database applications. Also, our ideas are applicable to other secondary-memory indexes, where it is possible to control the disk page occupation.Ítem BOLDSC: A New Dynamic, Secondary-Memory Metric Index(Springer Nature, 2025-10-01) Paredes, Rodrigo; Reyes, Nora; Figueroa, Karina; Hoffhein, ManuelMetric space searching addresses the problem of efficient similarity searching across diverse applications, in particular for non-structured objects, for instance, natural language or images. Although promising, this approach is still immature in several aspects that are well-established in traditional databases. Particularly, most indexing schemes are not dynamic, as they cannot efficiently handle insertions over an ongoing index without significant performance degradation. Moreover, very few of them work efficiently in secondary memory. The List of Clusters (LC) has proven to be a competitive index in main memory due to its simplicity and good search performance in high dimensional metric spaces. We introduce a new dynamic, secondary-memory LC variant. Our new index efficiently handles the secondary memory scenario and achieves competitive search and insertion times compared to the state-of-the-art, making it a practical alternative for large-scale database applications. Also, our ideas are applicable to other secondary-memory indexes, where it is possible to control the disk page occupation.Ítem Association of Ventilatory Ratio with Acute Cor Pulmonale and Mortality in COVID-19 ARDS: A Cohort Study(Sage Publications, 2025-09-08) Benites, Martín Hernán; Battiato, Romina; Mercado, Pablo; Pairumani, Ronald; Medel, Juan Nicolás; Petruska, Edward; Ugalde, Diego; Morales, Felipe; Eisen, Daniela; Araya, Carla; Montoya, Jorge; Retamal, Jaime; Kattan, Eduardo; Basoalto, Roque; Bugedo, Guillermo; Valenzuela, Emilio DanielPurpose: An elevated ventilatory ratio (VR) and acute cor pulmonale (ACP) are associated with mortality in ARDS patients. The primary aim of this study was to assess the association between VR and ACP in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS (CARDS). The secondary objectives were to analyze the association between VR and ICU mortality, describe VR temporal behavior in survivors and non-survivors, and evaluate the association between VR and pulmonary embolism. Materials and Methods: We studied a cohort of patients with C-ARDS. The VR was calculated using a validated formula. Echocardiography was used to diagnose ACP, and CT pulmonary angiography was performed to identify PE. To evaluate the associations between VR and ACP, mortality, and PE, a generalized logistic regression model was used. Results: Of the 140 subjects, 60 (43%) had a VR < 2, while 80 (57%) had a VR ≥ 2. Patients with a VR ≥2 had a higher risk of developing ACP than those with a VR <2 (Odds Ratio (OR), 3.77; 95% CI: 1.30 - 8.72). The ICU mortality rate was 29%. Of the 40 patients who died, 30 (75%) had a VR ≥ 2. Mortality was significantly associated with VR ≥ 2 and driving pressure ≥ 15 cm H2O. In non-survivor patients with a VR < 2 at ICU admission, a significant increase in VR was observed over the 7-day observation period. No significant association was observed between PE and VR (p = .118). Conclusion: Elevated VR was associated with ACP in patients with C-ARDS. VR ≥ 2 combined with driving pressure ≥ 15 cm H2O significantly improved the ability to identify patients at risk for ACP. Additionally, at ICU admission, elevated VR values and initially low values that increased over the first week were associated with higher ICU mortalityÍtem Mortalidad por desnutrición en adultos: Inequidad por nivel educativo en Colombia, 1998-2015(Universidad del Norte, 2025-05-06) Vásquez-Escobar, Laura; López-Arana, Sandra; Arroyave, IvánA pesar de la alta carga de mortalidad por desnutrición entre adultos, tanto en Colombia como a nivel mundial, los estudios sobre esta problemática son escasos, más aún sobre su desigual distribución socioeconómica. Materiales y métodos: Mediante un estudio ecológico se calcularon Tasas de Mortalidad Estandarizadas por Edad (TMEE), por nivel educativo, sexo y grupos quinquenales de edad. Mediante regresión de Poisson se calcularon el Riesgo Relativo (RR), tomando el grupo de mayor nivel educativo como referencia, y el Índice Relativo de Inequidad (IRI). Los cambios durante el periodo de las TMEE y el IRI se evaluaron con el Cambio Porcentual Anual (CPA) usando análisis joinpoint para identificar los puntos de inflexión. Resultados: De 9631 muertes debidas a desnutrición en adultos (25 o más años), 42 % fueron entre hombres y 58 % entre mujeres. Las TMEE fueron mayores entre adultos mayores (65 años y más, hombres y mujeres). Las mujeres tienen mayor IRI, principalmente adultas jóvenes (IRI = 6.64). El IRI aumentó +5.6 % en hombres (p<0,05) versus +4.8 % en mujeres (p<0,05) para todo el periodo de estudio. Conclusiones: Es vital fortalecer programas de salud que incorporen la atención a la desnutrición no solamente en niños, sino en población adulta.