Examinando por Autor "Valenzuela, Rodrigo"

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    Ítem
    Association between dairy consumption and type 2 diabetes, hypertension and obesity: results from a nationally representative survey in Chilean adults
    (Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2024-08-30) Fuentes, Consuelo; López-Arana, Sandra; Duran-Agüero, Samuel; Farías-Castro, Castro; Guzmán, Catalina; Chamarro, Rodrigo; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
    Current evidence suggests an inverse or neutral association between dairy consumption and obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and hypertension (HT) prevalence. However, there are no studies investigating this relationship in the adult Chilean population. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between dairy product consumption and the prevalence of these diseases in Chilean adults. This cross-sectional study includes data from the latest Chilean National Health Survey (2016-2017), a nationally representative sample of the Chilean population. The outcomes were the prevalence of obesity, T2D, and HT. Dairy consumption was assessed by frequency (categorized as “low”, “medium,” and “high”, according to frequency of consumption), and types of dairy products consumed (i.e., “skimmed” and “whole-fat”) all of which were self-reported. Adjusted Poisson regression models were performed to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). There was no association between the frequency of dairy consumption and the prevalence of obesity, T2D or HT. The preference for whole-fat dairy products was associated with a 47% lower prevalence of T2D in women (PR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35-0.80), 29% lower prevalence of abdominal obesity in men (PR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52-0.97), and 27% lower prevalence of HT in men (PR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57-0.92), after adjusting for potential covariates. Our study suggests that the frequency of dairy consumption is not associated with the prevalence of obesity, T2D, or HT in Chilean adults. La evidencia actual sugiere una asociación inversa o neutra entre el consumo de lácteos y la prevalencia de obesidad, diabetes tipo 2 (T2D) e hipertensión (HT). Sin embargo, no existen estudios que investiguen esta relación en la población adulta chilena. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre el consumo de productos lácteos y la prevalencia de estas enfermedades en adultos chilenos. Este estudio transversal incluye datos de la última Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile (2016-2017), una muestra representativa a nivel nacional de la población chilena. Los resultados fueron la prevalencia de obesidad, T2D y HT. El consumo de lácteos se midió según la frecuencia (categorías de “bajo”, “medio” y “alto” basadas en la frecuencia de consumo) y los tipos de productos lácteos consumidos (es decir, “descremados” y “enteros”) fueron autoinformados. Se realizaron modelos de regresión de Poisson ajustados para determinar la razón de prevalencia (RP) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC). No se encontró ninguna asociación entre la frecuencia de consumo de lácteos y la prevalencia de obesidad, T2D o HT. La preferencia por productos lácteos enteros se asoció con una prevalencia un 47% menor de T2D en mujeres (RP: 0,53; IC 95%: 0,35-0,80), un 29% menor de obesidad abdominal en hombres (RP: 0,71; IC 95%: 0,52-0,97) y un 27% menor de HT en hombres (RP: 0,73; IC 95%: 0,57-0,92), después de ajustar por posibles covariables. Nuestro estudio sugiere que la frecuencia de consumo de lácteos no está asociada con la prevalencia de obesidad, T2D o HT en adultos chilenos.
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    Ítem
    Microencapsulated pomegranate peel extract induces mitochondrial complex IV activity and prevents mitochondrial cristae alteration in brown adipose tissue in mice fed on a high-fat diet
    (Cambridge University Press, 2021-09-28) Echeverria, Francisca; Jimenez Patino, Paula; Castro-Sepúlveda, Mauricio; Bustamante, Andres; Garcia Concha, Paula; Poblete-Aro, Carlos; Valenzuela, Rodrigo; Garcia-Diaz, Diego F.
    Pomegranate peel is an agro-industrial residue obtained after fruit processing with high total polyphenol (TP) content, making it an attractive by-product for its reuse. Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and its bioactive compounds have shown positive effects on obesity models. Effects on favouring mitochondrial biogenesis and function have also been described. However, once phenolic compounds are extracted, their stability can be affected by diverse factors. Microencapsulation could improve PPE stability, allowing its incorporation into functional foods. Nevertheless, studies on the potential biological effects of PPE microparticles (MPPE) in obesity models are lacking. This study aims to evaluate the effect of MPPE on brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondrial structure and function and metabolic alterations related to obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). PPE was microencapsulated by spray drying using inulin (IN) as a wall material and physically-chemically characterised. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n 40) were randomly distributed into five groups: control diet (CD), HFD, HFD + IN, HFD + PPE (50 mg/kg per d TP) and HFD + MPPE (50 mg/kg per d TP), for 14 weeks. A glucose tolerance test and indirect calorimetry were conducted. Blood and adipose tissue samples were obtained. MPPE supplementation prevented HFD-induced body weight gain (P < 0·001), fasting glycaemia (P = 0·007) and total cholesterol rise (P = 0·001). MPPE resulted in higher BAT mitochondrial complex IV activity (P = 0·03) and prevented HFD-induced mitochondrial cristae alteration (P = 0·02). In conclusion, MPPE prevented HFD-induced excessive body weight gain and associated metabolic disturbances, potentially by activating complex IV activity and preserving mitochondrial cristae structure in BAT in mice fed with a HFD.
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Targeting mitochondria for the prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: polyphenols as a non-pharmacological approach
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2022-11-08) Zapata, Jaime; Castro-Sepúlveda, Mauricio; Soto-Alarcon, Sandra; Alvarez, Daniela; Bustamante, Andres; Villarroel, Guiselle; Gallardo, Arturo; Fernando García, Diego; Valenzuela, Rodrigo; Echeverria, Francisca
    Scope: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high and growing prevalence globally. Mitochondria are fundamental in regulating cell energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, mitochondria control mechanisms can be exceeded in this context of energy overload. Damaged mitochondria worsen NAFLD progression. Diet and lifestyle changes are the main recommendations for NAFLD prevention and treatment. Some polyphenols have improved mitochondrial function in different NAFLD and obesity models. Objective: The study aims to discuss the potential role of polyphenols as a nonpharmacological approach targeting mitochondria to prevent and treat NAFLD, analyzing the influence of polyphenols' chemical structure, limitations and clinical projections. Methods: In vivo and in vitro NAFLD models were considered. Study searches were performed using the following keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver steatosis, mitochondria, mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial cristae, fusion, fission, polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, AND/OR bioactive compounds. Conclusion: Polyphenols are a group of diverse bioactive molecules whose bioactive effects are highly determined by their chemical structure. These bioactive compounds could offer an interesting non-pharmacological approach to preventing and treating NAFLD, regulating mitochondrial dynamics and function. Nevertheless, the mitochondria' role in subjects with NAFLD treatment is not fully elucidated. The dosage and bioavailability of these compounds should be addressed when studied.