Examinando por Autor "Rojas-Costa, Gonzalo M"

Mostrando 1 - 4 de 4
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    Automated and Interpretable Detection of Hippocampal Sclerosis in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: AID-HS
    (Wiley Periodicals LLC, 2024-11-14) Ripart, Mathilde; DeKraker, Jordan; Eriksson, Maria H; Piper, Rory J; Gopinath, Siby; Parasuram, Harilal; Mo, Jiajie; Likeman, Marcus; Ciobotaru, Georgian; Sequeiros-Peggs, Philip; Hamandi, Khalid; Xie, Hua; Cohen, Nathan T; Su, Ting-Yu; Kochi, Ryuzaburo; Wang, Irene; Rojas-Costa, Gonzalo M; Gálvez, Marcelo; Parodi, Constanza; Riva, Antonella; D'Arco, Felipe; Mankad, Kshitij; Clark, Chris A; Carbó, Adrián Valls; Toledano, Rafael; Taylor, Peter; Napolitano, Antonio; Rossi-Espagnet, Maria Camilla; Willard, Anna; Sinclair, Benjamin; Pepper, Joshua; Seri, Stefano; Devinsky, Orrin; Pardoe, Heath R; Winston, Gavin P; Duncan, John S; Yasuda, Clarissa L; Scárdua-Silva, Lucas; Walger, Lennart; Rüber, Theodor; Khan, Aali R; Baldeweg, Torsten; Adler, Sophie; Wagstyl, Konrad; MELD HS study group
    Objective: Hippocampal sclerosis (HS), the most common pathology associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), is not always visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), causing surgical delays and reduced postsurgical seizure-freedom. We developed an open-source software to characterize and localize HS to aid the presurgical evaluation of children and adults with suspected TLE. Methods: We included a multicenter cohort of 365 participants (154 HS; 90 disease controls; 121 healthy controls). HippUnfold was used to extract morphological surface-based features and volumes of the hippocampus from T1-weighted MRI scans. We characterized pathological hippocampi in patients by comparing them to normative growth charts and analyzing within-subject feature asymmetries. Feature asymmetry scores were used to train a logistic regression classifier to detect and lateralize HS. The classifier was validated on an independent multicenter cohort of 275 patients with HS and 161 healthy and disease controls. Results: HS was characterized by decreased volume, thickness, and gyrification alongside increased mean and intrinsic curvature. The classifier detected 90.1% of unilateral HS patients and lateralized lesions in 97.4%. In patients with MRI-negative histopathologically-confirmed HS, the classifier detected 79.2% (19/24) and lateralized 91.7% (22/24). The model achieved similar performances on the independent cohort, demonstrating its ability to generalize to new data. Individual patient reports contextualize a patient's hippocampal features in relation to normative growth trajectories, visualise feature asymmetries, and report classifier predictions. Interpretation: Automated and Interpretable Detection of Hippocampal Sclerosis (AID-HS) is an open-source pipeline for detecting and lateralizing HS and outputting clinically-relevant reports.
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    Intracranial volume variation in Chinchorro mummies: a comparative study with prehispanic farmers and contemporary Chilean populations
    (Nature, 0002-11-25) Rojas-Costa, Gonzalo M; Silva-Pinto, Verónica; Valenzuela, Yanis; de la Iglesia-Vayá, María; Molina-Mateo, José; Salazar-García, Domingo C; Valdes-Sosa, Pedro A; Gálvez, Marcelo
    The Chinchorro culture inhabited the coastal Atacama Desert between 7,500 and 3,500 years BP, maintaining a hunter-gatherer-fisher lifestyle and practicing complex mortuary rituals. With the later adoption of agriculture, shifts in subsistence strategies and burial customs emerged. This study investigated long-term biological variation across three diachronic populations from northern Chile: Archaic-period Chinchorro individuals, pre-Hispanic agriculturalists, and contemporary Chileans. Using computed tomography (CT) and 3D reconstruction techniques, we analyzed intracranial volume (ICV) and estimated stature to assess morphological differences. The results show that both ICV and stature are significantly greater in the present-day Chilean population than in the pre-Hispanic groups. The average ICV was 1,321.26 cc in Chinchorro individuals, 1,336.57 cc in pre-Hispanic agriculturalists, and 1,481.22 cc in modern Chileans—representing a 12.05% increase between the earliest and most recent groups. Males and females exhibited 14.62% and 10.81% increases, respectively. Sexual dimorphism in the ICV was lower among agriculturalists (8.97%) than among Chinchorro (10.84%) and modern individuals (13.68%). Notably, the transition to agriculture did not result in significant changes in either ICV or stature. Instead, the marked increases observed in modern individuals have been associated primarily with improved nutrition, healthcare, and overall living conditions since the 20th century.
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    Neurocognitive correlates of semantic memory navigation in Parkinson’s disease
    (Nature Portfolio, 2024-01-09) Toro-Hernández, Felipe Diego; Migeot, Joaquín; Marchant, Nicolás; Olivares, Daniela; Ferrante, Franco; González-Gómez, Raúl; González Campo, Cecilia; Fittipaldi, Sol; Rojas-Costa, Gonzalo M; Moguilner, Sebastian; Slachevsky, Andrea; Chaná Cuevas, Pedro; Ibáñez, Agustín; Chaigneau, Sergio; García, Adolfo M
    Cognitive studies on Parkinson’s disease (PD) reveal abnormal semantic processing. Most research, however, fails to indicate which conceptual properties are most affected and capture patients’ neurocognitive profiles. Here, we asked persons with PD, healthy controls, and individuals with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, as a disease control group) to read concepts (e.g., ‘sun’) and list their features (e.g., hot). Responses were analyzed in terms of ten word properties (including concreteness, imageability, and semantic variability), used for group-level comparisons, subject-level classification, and brain-behavior correlations. PD (but not bvFTD) patients produced more concrete and imageable words than controls, both patterns being associated with overall cognitive status. PD and bvFTD patients showed reduced semantic variability, an anomaly which predicted semantic inhibition outcomes. Word-property patterns robustly classified PD (but not bvFTD) patients and correlated with disease-specific hypoconnectivity along the sensorimotor and salience networks. Fine-grained semantic assessments, then, can reveal distinct neurocognitive signatures of PD.
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    Pilgrimage to sacrifice: Mechanisms, causes, and time of death of the Western Andean Capacocha of the Southern Tawantinsuyu
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2026-07-15) Silva-Pinto, Verónica; Sepúlveda, Marcela; Gayo, Eugenia M; Mendez-Quiros, Pablo; Castro, Mario; Menéndez, Lumila Paula; Rojas-Costa, Gonzalo M; Cerón, María L; Wilson, Andrew S; Catalán, Verónica; Silva, Claudio; Stecher, Ximena; Soffia, Pablo; Salazar-García, Domingo C
    Capacocha was a key Inca state rite that intertwined pilgrimage, sacrifice, and imperial incorporation across the Andes. We present a multianalytical investigation into two Capacocha cases from the western slope of the Andes: Cerro Esmeralda, located in the coastal Atacama Desert of northern Chile, and Cerro El Plomo, in the high mountains of central Chile. Stable isotope analysis reveals commensality practices during the pilgrimage, integrating local communities into the imperial order. Furthermore, computed tomography, dermatoscopy, and skin histology provide new evidence regarding the causes and mechanisms of death, identifying violent acts associated with sacrifice. Last, we present a pair of radiocarbon dates to discuss the chronology of both Capacocha contexts. In sum, these practices specify the materialization of Inca statecraft and contribute to characterizing the complexity and diversity of Capacocha ritual as an extension of the Inca biopolitical conquest.