Examinando por Autor "Reali, Florencia"

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  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Metaphores of time across cultures
    (Springer, 2023-05-17) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Banaruee, Hassan; Reali, Florencia; Tirado, Carlos; Ruiz-Fernández, Ssusana; Yamada, Yuki; Wang, Ruiming; Nicolas, Robin; Khwaileh, Tariq; Szychowska, Malina; Vestlund, Johanna; Correa, Juan C.; Farsani, Danyal; Butcher, Natalie; Som, Bidisha; Volkonskii, Ivan; Plevoets, Koen; Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando
    TIME is a highly abstract concept and prevalent in languages worldwide. Cross-cultural and cross-linguistic research suggests that TIME is embodied dissimilarly in different languages. Still the literature has not received sufficient attention in examining the differences. This study aimed to identify and compare how TIME is metaphorically represented and embodied worldwide. We investigated 14 languages; Arabic, Assamese, Chinese, English, Finnish, French, German, Japanese, Kikuyu, Persian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish, which represent nine language families. The metaphors were categorized conceptually as TIME IS AN ORGANISM, TIME IS MOTION, TIME IS SPACE, and TIME IS A VALUABLE COMMODITY. We employed a two-part paper-based task. The first part consisted of generation of metaphor items and the second part consisted of a valence rating task. The key variables considered were 'metaphor category' and 'language family' while controlling for demographic variables such as gender, age and handedness. Data from 513 participants were collected. Results showed a significant association between language categories and the valences of time metaphors. The data of this study suggest that within the languages of a certain category, there might be some similarity between the valences of words that are used to realize a given conceptual metaphor.
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    A study of using metaphoric and beat gestures with motion-based and non-motion-based metaphors during retelling stories
    (MDPI, 2022-04) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Farsani, Danyal; Reali, Florencia
    In this paper, we classify metaphors into four categories: motion-based metaphors, static space-based metaphors, static object-based metaphors, and static event-based metaphors. Then, a study that investigated the use of gestures with these types of metaphors is reported. The aim was to examine how these types of metaphors are used with metaphoric and beat gestures during the process of re-telling stories. The participants of the study listened to three audio stories. Each story contained two motion-based metaphors, two static space-based metaphors, two static object-based metaphors, and two static event-based metaphors. After listening to each story, they had to retell the stories in front of a camera. The videos were analyzed to determine the number of metaphoric gestures and beat gestures that had been used by participants during the retelling of the stories. The results showed that the highest number of metaphoric gestures had been used with static space based metaphors. This was followed by motion-based metaphors, static object-based metaphors, and static event-based metaphors, respectively. On the other hand, the highest number of beat gestures was used with static event-based metaphors. These findings indicate that the use of metaphoric gestures and beat gestures accompanying metaphors is highly dependent on the spatial and motoric properties of the base of the metaphors, which supports the idea of embodied metaphor comprehension.