Examinando por Autor "Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando"

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    Distributed embodiment of the persian term dæqi:qæn in forward gestures
    (Springer, 2023-11-03) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Banaruee, Hassan; Farsani, Danyal; Hernandez-Barajas, Freddy; Farina, Mirko; Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando
    This study examined the embodied realization of the Persian term dæqi:qæn (exactly) when embodied through gestures. A group of thirty Persian native speakers were asked to express their opinions about six subjects in an interview setting. During the interview, the interviewer used some techniques to elicit the term dæqi:qæn from the participants. The types of gestures produced when participants used the term dæqi:qæn were analyzed. The results showed that the term dæqi:qæn was embodied primarily by forward hand gestures and to a lesser degree by forward head gestures. This suggests that a given term can be embodied across various parts of the body, but degree of realization of this embodiment process is not the same in all involved body parts. While some body parts are strongly involved and actively employed to embody a concept in gestures, other parts may be less involved or not involved at all. We call this process distributed embodiment. The term dæqi:qæn was strongly embodied in forward hand gestures, less strongly (but still significant) embodied in forward head gestures, and almost not embodied in the leg.
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    Metaphores of time across cultures
    (Springer, 2023-05-17) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Banaruee, Hassan; Reali, Florencia; Tirado, Carlos; Ruiz-Fernández, Ssusana; Yamada, Yuki; Wang, Ruiming; Nicolas, Robin; Khwaileh, Tariq; Szychowska, Malina; Vestlund, Johanna; Correa, Juan C.; Farsani, Danyal; Butcher, Natalie; Som, Bidisha; Volkonskii, Ivan; Plevoets, Koen; Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando
    TIME is a highly abstract concept and prevalent in languages worldwide. Cross-cultural and cross-linguistic research suggests that TIME is embodied dissimilarly in different languages. Still the literature has not received sufficient attention in examining the differences. This study aimed to identify and compare how TIME is metaphorically represented and embodied worldwide. We investigated 14 languages; Arabic, Assamese, Chinese, English, Finnish, French, German, Japanese, Kikuyu, Persian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish, which represent nine language families. The metaphors were categorized conceptually as TIME IS AN ORGANISM, TIME IS MOTION, TIME IS SPACE, and TIME IS A VALUABLE COMMODITY. We employed a two-part paper-based task. The first part consisted of generation of metaphor items and the second part consisted of a valence rating task. The key variables considered were 'metaphor category' and 'language family' while controlling for demographic variables such as gender, age and handedness. Data from 513 participants were collected. Results showed a significant association between language categories and the valences of time metaphors. The data of this study suggest that within the languages of a certain category, there might be some similarity between the valences of words that are used to realize a given conceptual metaphor.
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    The impact of gestural representation of metaphor schema on metaphor comprehension
    (De Gruyter Mouton, 2023) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Hu, Jiehui; Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando; Farsani, Danyal
    This study aimed to investigate how priming a metaphor by the gestural representation of its schema affects the understanding of that metaphor. In each of the two tests, different groups of participants were invited to judge the sensibility of the same 20 metaphors preceded by congruent versus incongruent gesture primes as compared to no prime. In the congruent gesture-prime conditions, each metaphor was preceded by a gesture that represented the schema of the subsequent metaphor whereas this gesture was not compatible with the schema of the subsequent metaphor in the incongruent gesture-prime conditions. Results showed that a higher proportion of sentences were judged to be sensible in the congruent gesture-prime conditions compared to no-prime and incongruent gesture-prime conditions. Also, response times of sensibility judgements were shorter in congruent gesture-prime conditions compared to no-prime and incongruent gesture-prime conditions. These results suggest that metaphor schema affects metaphor comprehension through the activation of metaphorically-relevant information and suppressing irrelevant information.
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    The roles of gestural and symbolic schematizations in inhibition as a component of executive functions
    (Springer, 2023) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Farina, Mirko; Yazdani-Fazlabadi, Babak; Hu, Jiehui; Trumpower, David; Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando; Farsani, Danyal
    The role of gestural schematization in enhancing thinking processes has been the subject of a large body of works. In this process, contextually unimportant or irrelevant information related to a concept (or a system of concepts) is deleted or ignored, while relevant spatial information is maintained. This process is a special type of inhibition, which is one of the key components of executive functions. In this short paper, it is suggested that gestural schematization is a special type of symbolic schematization, a much more general process through which irrelevant information related to features of a concept (or a system of concepts) is suppressed, while relevant information (spatial and non-spatial) is maintained. Through symbolic schematization, abstract structural similarity between two concepts or between two systems of concepts can be discovered. In this way, an individual’s knowledge about the first situation can be generalized to the second situation. Symbolic schematization is the basis of abstraction, knowledge generalization, and knowledge development. This is particularly the case with abstract mathematical thinking. This proposal offers a picture of cognitive mechanisms through which knowledge of abstract mathematical concepts is created and developed in the mind.