Examinando por Autor "Lopez-Arana, Sandra"

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    Ítem
    Consensus Conference Series on DysglycemiaBased Chronic Disease (DBCD) in Latin America: The Chilean Transculturalization
    (Ubiquity Press, 2026-07-13) Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis; Grekin, Carlos; De Oliveira-Gomes, Diana; Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P.; Lopez-Arana, Sandra; Mechanick, Jeffrey I.
    Objective: The MEchanick Transculturalization Research and Innovation ConSortium/Bernard Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program Consensus Conference on Dysglycemia-Based Chronic Disease (DBCD) Transculturalization in Chile convened on November 20, 2023, in Santiago, Chile. The conference generated affirmed and emergent concepts, key strategies, and specific implementation tactics to improve type 2 diabetes (T2D) care in Chile. Findings: Important affirmed concepts included: (1) implementing a comprehensive approach to T2D management beyond glycemic control; (2) addressing unique challenges for early detection and treatment of T2D; and (3) applying expanded roles of telemedicine. Important emergent concepts included: (1) adopting transculturalized chronic care models such as DBCD; (2) recognizing prediabetes as a critical DBCD target to prevent T2D and T2D complications, especially cardiovascular disease; and (3) implementation of the DBCD model for individual and population health. Key strategies included: (1) validation of culturally adapted T2D risk assessment tools; (2) integration of social determinants of health (SDOH) and ethnocultural factors into DBCD care strategies/tactics; and (3) promotion of equity in healthcare access for all people comprising diverse populations. Finally, specific implementation tactics included: (1) focusing on patient-centered public policies; (2) ensuring access to effective treatments; and (3) using culturally relevant resources for education and prevention. When coordinated, these strategies and tactics mitigate DBCD progression, thereby enhancing healthcare outcomes. Conclusions and recommendations: Expert consensus emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to T2D management in Chile, leveraging transculturalized lifestyle medicine, validated risk assessment tools, SDOH, and patient-centered public policies. This process should begin with incorporating eHealth technologies, validation studies, and then translation into clinical practice guidelines. As this templated methodology is applied to other regions of the world, the resulting compendium of concepts, strategies, and tactics can foment a more effective preventive health culture and optimize DBCD care across the ethnocultural spectrum.
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Mapping weight stigma in food-based dietary guidelines across thirteen countries in Latin America and the Caribbean: a qualitative analysis
    (Elsevier, 2026-03-11) Lopez-Arana, Sandra; Aguilar Encina, María Fernanda; Aravena Giovanetti, Valeria; Basfi-Fer, Karen; Tiscornia, Caterina; Estremadoyro, Carolina; Pereyra-González, Isabel
    Background: Weight stigma is a growing public health concern with documented harms to physical, mental and social well-being. Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs), central to nutrition education and policy, may unintentionally reinforce stigmatising narratives. In the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), where the obesity is shaped by complex determinants, this study aims to uncover the presence and patterns of weight stigma in national FBDGs and inform the development of more inclusive, person-centred nutrition policies. Methods: A content analysis was performed. We used the Weight Stigma Heat Map (WSHM) to assess thirteen national FBDGs and four technical documents from LAC countries. Ten thematic areas focused on language, imagery, behavioural framing, and representations of health were analysed. Inter-evaluator agreement was evaluated using Bangdiwala's test. Findings: Most FBDGs contained explicit or implicit weight-stigmatising content. Common patterns included portraying weight loss as a universal health goal, using alarmist language around obesity, and framing body weight as fully modifiable through individual behaviour, often without acknowledging individual variability or clinical context. Thinness was often linked to physical activity, while higher weight was associated with sedentarism and poor choices. Structural determinants were rarely acknowledged. Only Saint Vincent and the Grenadines adopted a more inclusive, environmentally focused approach. Inter-evaluator agreement was high (Bangdiwala's B = 0.93), supporting the reliability of the coding process. Interpretation: National FBDGs across LAC frequently reflect moralising and reductionist narratives that may perpetuate weight stigma. Revising these documents through a person-centred lens, grounded in human rights, social justice, and a multifactorial understanding of obesity is essential to promote equitable public health nutrition. Funding: No funding was received for this study.