Examinando por Autor "Eskandari, Zahra"

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  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Embodiment and gestural realization of ergative verbs
    (Springer, 2023-10-01) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Hu, Jiehui; Eskandari, Zahra; Banaruee, Hassan; Yanjiao, Zhu; Farsani, Danyal; Jiayong, He
    In this study, we examined the gestural embodiment of active, passive, and active-form/passive-sense voices of ergative verbs in English. We analyzed gestures produced by presenters talking about a variety of subjects in a set of videos. We used several Chi-square tests to fnd out what type of gesture (representational, beat, and pointing gestures) co-occurred more frequently with active, passive, and active-form/passive-sense voices of ergative verbs. The results showed that representational gestures occurred more frequently with active than passive and active-form/passive-sense voices of ergative verbs. Furthermore, representational gestures occurred more frequently with active voices of ergative verbs having human subjects than non-human subjects. This was also the case with active-form/passive-sense sentences. Based on these results, it is suggested that form of a sentence is an infuential factor in the process of embodying the situation that is described by that sentence. Active voice of an English ergative verb is more likely to be accompanied by representational gestures and is embodied more strongly than passive and active-form/passive-sense voices of that verb.
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Gestural simulation of motion verbs
    (University of Illinois Press, 2023) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Hu, Jeihui; Eskandari, Zahra; Yanjiao, Zhu; Farsani, Danyal; Banaruee, Hassan
    We aimed to investigate how the path of a motion verb is mentally simulated and realized in gestures when it is encoded in path-joined motion verbs (e.g., “enter the house”), pathdisjoined motion verbs (e.g., “go into the house”), and pathless motion verbs (e.g., “walk in the street”). We conducted 2 studies to answer this question. In Study 1, we analyzed gestures produced by presenters in a set of YouTube videos. We used several chi-square tests to find out what type of gesture (path representational, non–path representational, beat, pointing gestures, and no-gesture) co-occurred more frequently with path-joined, path-disjoined, and pathless motion verbs. In Study 2, we analyzed gestures produced by a group of participants in a story-retelling setting. Both studies showed that path representational gestures co-occurred more frequently with path-joined motion verbs than path-disjoined and pathless motion verbs. Furthermore, the probability of using a path representational gesture with a path-joined motion verb having a human subject was higher than that having a nonhuman subject. Although the language difference in Study 1 and Study 2 might be a limitation, the consistency of results of the 2 studies suggests that the findings are generalizable. We suggest that gestural simulation of a motion verb is affected by how the direction or path of motion is encoded in the verb. When the path of motion is encoded in the main part of the verb, the motion and its path or direction are simultaneously simulated. This account implies that the motor system plays an active role in the process of simulating the path.
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Schematic embodiment of perseverance in persian
    (Springer, 2024-12-04) Khatin-Zadeh, Omid; Jiehui, Hu; Eskandari, Zahra; Banaruee, Hassan; Farsani, Danyal
    A group of Persian speakers were asked to talk about the concept of perseverance in semi-structured interviews. Gestures that participants used to talk about this concept were analyzed. The results showed that the concept of perseverance was primarily embodied in upward head gestures, fist-shaped hand gestures, forward hand gestures, and forward leg gestures. In a significant number of cases, these four elements occurred together. This suggests that the embodiment of perseverance can be distributed in several gestures in several body parts. Although these gestures had different directions in various body parts, the pattern of occurrence of these gestures was the same in a significant number of cases. We call this process schematic embodiment. These four elements create a gestural scheme that represents the embodied realization of perseverance. We define gestural scheme as a set of dynamic, sequential, and coordinated gestures that collectively represent a concept or an event.