Examinando por Autor "Cifuentes-Suazo, Gloria"

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    A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis of the Morphological Variants of the Corpus Callosum: Related Neurocognitive Clinical Implications
    (Elsevier, 2025) Valenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan José; Orellana-Hidalgo, Sebastián; Baeza-Garrido, Vicente; Trujillo-Riveros, Martin; Aguilar-Aguirre, Isidora; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Cifuentes-Suazo, Gloria; Bruna Mejías, Alejandro; Casanova-Martinez, Daniel; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan; Piagkou, Maria; Triantafyllou, George; Konschake, Marko
    Background: Corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) occurs in approximately 1 in every 4000 births and is identified in 3–5% of individuals evaluated through neuroimaging for neurodevelopmental disorders. The combined prevalence of CCA and hypoplasia is estimated to range from 1.8 to 10 in every 10,000 births. Methods: The online databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences were searched until May 2025. Two authors independently conducted the search, selected the studies, and extracted the data. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Anatomical Quality Assessment tool. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Results: A total of 46 studies met the established selection criteria. In this analysis, 15 articles were included in the meta-analysis, which involved a total of 5,118,037 subjects. The overall prevalence of CCA was 18% (confidence interval = 10%–25%). The subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in the prevalence of CCA among the Asian continent compared to the other four continents (P-value 0.001). Conclusions: Early diagnosis of CCA during the fetal stage can enable specialists to implement more effective treatments and reduce the likelihood of neurofunctional impairments. Furthermore, understanding the morphological characteristics of CCA can assist in making an early and accurate diagnosis, minimizing the need for differential diagnoses that could interfere with the functioning of the interhemispheric connection system and brain functional connections.
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    Effectiveness of arthrocentesis versus other therapeutic modalities in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Elsevier, 2026-12) Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Araya-Gonzalez, Florencia; Katz-Figols, Ursula; Ruiz-Jorquera, Victoria; Diaz-Barahona, Joaquin; Loaiza-Giraldo, Jessica Paola; Pino-Henriquez, Cristobal; Niklander, Sven; Rodriguez-Luengo, Macarena; Cariseo-Avila, Carolina; Cifuentes-Suazo, Gloria; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Moya Daza, María P.; Konschake, Marko; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan
    Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogeneous group of conditions frequently associated with pain and functional impairment. Arthrocentesis has been proposed as a minimally invasive therapeutic option; however, its comparative effectiveness versus other treatments remains uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of arthrocentesis compared with other therapeutic modalities in patients with TMD, focusing on pain relief and mandibular functional outcomes. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Randomized controlled trials comparing arthrocentesis with other therapeutic interventions for TMD were included. Primary outcomes were pain intensity assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and mandibular functional outcomes, including maximum mouth opening, maximum incisal opening, masticatory efficiency, mandibular movements, and overall joint mobility. Results: Thirty-two randomized controlled trials were included in the quantitative synthesis. No statistically significant difference in pain reduction was observed between arthrocentesis and comparator interventions, with very high heterogeneity. Masticatory efficiency showed a small statistically significant improvement favoring arthrocentesis, based on very low-certainty evidence. Overall, the certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low across outcomes. Conclusions: Arthrocentesis may provide modest symptomatic improvement in selected patients with TMD; however, it does not demonstrate superiority over alternative therapeutic modalities for most functional outcomes. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials with standardized diagnostic criteria, clearly defined comparators, and longer follow-up are required to better define the role of arthrocentesis in the management of temporomandibular disorders.
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    Effectiveness of Vitamin D Supplementation on Biochemical, Clinical, and Inflammatory Parameters in Patients with Different Types of Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    (MDPI, 2025-09-18) Bruna-Mejías, Alejandro; Valdivia-Arroyo, Rocío; Becerra-Rodríguez, Emelyn Sofía; Clasing-Cárdenas, Ignacio; Castaño-Gallego, Yesica Tatiana; Granite, Guinevere; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Oyanedel-Amaro, Gustavo; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Cifuentes-Suazo, Gloria; Suazo Santibañez, Alejandra; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan; Gutiérrez Espinoza, Héctor; Valenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan José
    Background and Aims: Numerous clinical and observational studies have examined the role of vitamin D in glycemic control and metabolic regulation among diabetic patients, but findings remain inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, C-reactive protein, and the likelihood of reversion to normoglycemia in prediabetic individuals. Methods: A comprehensive search of multiple databases was performed using keywords including “diabetes mellitus,” “type 2 diabetes,” “vitamin D supplementation,” and “VD supplementation.” Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Vitamin D supplementation was associated with significant improvements across several parameters, including HOMA-β (SMD = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.63–0.80; p < 0.00001), HDL cholesterol (SMD = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.05–0.09; p < 0.00001), and others (SMD = −0.40; 95% CI: −0.45 to −0.34; p < 0.00001). Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation appears to provide beneficial effects on glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory markers in patients with diabetes and prediabetes. Specifically, supplementation significantly reduced HbA1c%, HOMA-IR, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and C-reactive protein while increasing the rate of normoglycemia among prediabetic individuals. Further research is needed to strengthen the evidence base regarding vitamin D’s role in diabetes management.
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    GLP-1RA- and Incretin-Based Therapies Within Lifestyle Interventions for Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    (MPDI, 2026) Bruna-Mejias, Alejandro; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Oyanedel, Gustavo; Figueroa-Puig, Julio; Cabezas-Salgado, Juan José; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Cifuentes-Suazo, Gloria; Loro-Ferrer, Juan Francisco
    Background/Objectives: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA)- and incretin-based therapies are now central to obesity management. Their clinical value, however, should be interpreted beyond total weight loss, because changes in fat mass, lean mass, physical function, and cardiometabolic risk may depend on the accompanying dietary, behavioral, and exercise co-interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated GLP-1RA- and incretin-based therapies delivered within lifestyle interventions in adults with overweight or obesity. Methods: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261360837). PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to the final search dates. Records were deduplicated in Zotero. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Random-effects meta-analyses were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood with Hartung–Knapp adjustment when pooling was appropriate. Results: Across all database sources, 1651 records were identified. After removing 113 duplicate records and 212 records with an ineligible publication type before screening, 1326 records were screened. Seventy-seven reports were sought for retrieval, five were not retrieved, 72 were assessed at full text, and 48 reports corresponding to 35 independent parent trials or trial clusters were retained for qualitative synthesis. The primary kilogram-scale meta-analysis included eight independent comparisons and showed greater body-weight reduction with GLP-1RA/incretin-based therapy delivered within a lifestyle background than with placebo/control (mean difference [MD] −10.08 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] −12.76 to −7.39; 95% prediction interval [PI] −17.86 to −2.29; $I^2 = 95.6\%$). Percentage body-weight change was analyzed separately across 11 independent comparisons and also favored GLP-1RA/incretin-based therapy (MD −9.53 percentage points, 95% CI −11.92 to −7.14; 95% PI −17.58 to −1.48; $I^2 = 95.4\%$). Conclusions: GLP-1RA- and incretin-based therapies delivered within lifestyle interventions are associated with clinically meaningful reductions in body weight in adults with overweight or obesity. Absolute and relative body-weight change metrics should remain analytically separate. The magnitude of benefit varies across trial contexts, and certainty remains limited by risk-of-bias concerns and considerable heterogeneity. Future trials should standardize the reporting of lifestyle co-interventions, body composition, adherence, physical-function outcomes, and safety monitoring.
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    Occipitalization of the atlas: prevalence, functional and anatomical considerations. A systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Elsevier, 2026) Bruna-Mejias, Alejandro; Salazar-Ferrari, Martina; Silva-Garay, Antonia; Chacon Valdebenito, Ignacia Belen; Ortiz-Ahumada, Cynthia; Trujillo-Riveros, Martin; Loaiza-Giraldo, Jessica Paola; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Santana-Machuca, Andres; Cifuentes-Suazo, Gloria; Oyanedel-Amaro, Gustavo; Paton, Glen; Nalla, Shahed; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan
    Background: Occipitalization of the atlas, defined as a congenital fusion between the first cervical vertebra (C1) and the occipital bone, is an uncommon anatomical variant of the craniovertebral junction. Reported prevalence in the general population varies widely, and the condition is often identified incidentally during imaging or anatomical assessment. Objective: To synthesize available evidence on the prevalence of atlas occipitalization and to describe its anatomical characteristics across different populations and study designs. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS from inception to January 2025. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by four reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using the Anatomical Quality Assessment (AQUA) tool. A random-effects meta-analysis was applied to estimate pooled prevalence values and explore predefined subgroups. Results: Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis, of which eleven were included in the meta-analysis, encompassing a total of 4219 subjects. The pooled prevalence of atlas occipitalization was 0.64% (95% confidence interval: 0.00–1.00%). Variability in prevalence estimates was observed across populations and assessment methods. Conclusion: Atlas occipitalization is a rare congenital anatomical variant of the craniovertebral junction. Although often asymptomatic, its identification is anatomically relevant due to potential associations with other craniovertebral anomalies. Awareness of this variant is important for accurate anatomical interpretation and for planning procedures involving the craniovertebral junction.
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    Occurrence of myocarditis in patients Immunized with different types of COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Elservier, 2026) Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan Jose; Moyano Valarezo, Laura; Silva, Vicente; Delgado, Fernanda; Nazar-Izquierdo, Diego; Bruna-Mejias, Alejandro; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Orellana Donoso, Mathias; Oyanedel-Amaro, Gustavo; Cifuentes-Suazo, Gloria; Moya, Maria; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan; Konschake, Marko; Loaiza-Giraldo, Jessica Paola
    Background: Myocarditis has emerged as a rare but clinically relevant adverse event reported after COVID-19 vaccination, particularly following widespread use of vaccines based on novel molecular platforms. Given variability in vaccine technologies, population characteristics, and surveillance Methodologies, a comprehensive quantitative synthesis is required to better characterize the occurrence of post-vaccination myocarditis. This study aimed to characterize the distribution of reported myocarditis cases among individuals receiving COVID-19 vaccines, including mRNA, viral vector, and protein-subunit platforms, and to synthesize available evidence on reported post-vaccination myocarditis across different demographic and geographic subgroups. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251118332). MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and LILACS were searched from inception to January 2024 for observational studies reporting myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination. Cohort, case-control, cross-sectional studies, and case series were eligible. Study quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Random-effects models were applied to estimate pooled proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical heterogeneity was quantified using the I² statistic, and prespecified subgroup analyses were performed by sex, age, geographic region, and vaccine platform. Publication bias was explored using funnel plot analysis. Results: Fifty-nine studies comprising 196,478,861 vaccinated individuals and 13,348 reported myocarditis cases were included. Due to substantial heterogeneity in study designs and denominators, pooled estimates represent the proportion of myocarditis cases within reported samples rather than population-level incidence or risk. Across all included studies, the pooled proportion of myocarditis cases within reported study samples was 34% (95% CI: 19–50%), with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 100%). These estimates should not be interpreted as population-level incidence or risk. Reported myocarditis cases were more frequently observed among males (72%, 95% CI: 58–86%) than females (56%, 95% CI: 35–77%) and were predominantly identified in individuals younger than 40 years. Subgroup analyses by region and vaccine platform should be interpreted cautiously due to methodological variability and potential selection bias. Funnel plot asymmetry suggested possible small-study effects. Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to characterize the distribution of reported myocarditis cases following COVID-19 vaccination rather than to estimate population-level incidence or risk. Although pooled proportions within reported samples were substantial, these estimates do not reflect populationlevel incidence. Available evidence suggests that myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination remains uncommon at the population level, predominantly affecting younger males and more commonly reported after mRNAbased vaccines. Most reported cases appear to follow a benign and self-limited clinical course. These findings support the overall favorable benefit–risk profile of COVID-19 vaccines while underscoring the need for continued pharmacovigilance and more robust epidemiological studies to better characterize the epidemiology of vaccine-associated myocarditis.
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    Unilateral Lung Agenesis: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Anatomical Variants, and Clinical Implications
    (MDPI, 2025-09-08) Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Barrenechea-Salvador, Mariano; Caro-Navarro, Joaquín; Cervela-Díaz, Matías; Chacón-Ortiz, Cristian; Claudet-Córdoba, Nicolás; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Valenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan José; Suazo Santibañez, Alejandra; Valdes-Orrego, Iván; Cifuentes-Suazo, Gloria; Leon-Rojas, Jose E.
    Unilateral lung agenesis (ULA) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the complete absence of one lung, often accompanied by cardiovascular, skeletal, or gastrointestinal malformations. Despite its clinical significance, evidence of prevalence, anatomical variants, and outcomes remain fragmented. This systematic review aimed to synthesize existing data on ULA’s prevalence, anatomical classifications, diagnostic approaches, and clinical implications. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, five databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE) were searched from inception to January 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed case reports, case series, and observational studies on ULA in humans. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Narrative synthesis was performed due to methodological heterogeneity. Results: Thirty-two studies (137 participants) were included. Right-sided ULA predominated (58%), with poorer prognoses due to mediastinal distortion. Cardiovascular anomalies (40%) were the most common comorbidity. Diagnostic modalities included chest radiography (85%), CT (70%), and bronchoscopy (25%). Schneider-Boyden scale was used to classify the included studies. Risk of bias assessment revealed 65% of studies as low risk, 28% as moderate, and 7% as high risk. Conclusions: ULA necessitates multidisciplinary management, particularly in cases with associated anomalies. Left-sided ULA correlates with better outcomes, emphasizing the role of early imaging. Limitations include reliance on case reports and inconsistent reporting of anatomical variants. Future research should adopt standardized classifications and longitudinal designs to improve evidence quality.