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https://repositorio.uft.cl/handle/20.500.12254/2442

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Energy homeostasis management strategy for building rooftop nanogrids, considering the thermal model and a HVAC unit installed
(Elsevier, 2022-02-04) Yanine, Fernando; Sanchez-Squella, Antonio; Barrueto, Aldo; Sahoo, Sarat Kumar; Parejo, Antonio; Cordova, Felisa M.
This paper presents a case study on power control and energy management for a 60 apartments’ residential building with solar generation and energy storage tied to the grid in Santiago, Chile. A new energy management algorithm based on energy homeostasis is designed for a small electro thermal generation system (nanogrid), with smart metering. The test bed employs supervisory control with energy management that regulates the temperature inside a large room by the action of an HVAC (Heating/Ventilating/Air Conditioning) unit. The main objective of supervisory control is to allow temperature comfort for residents while evaluating the decrease in energy cost. The study considers a room with rooftop grid-tie nanogrid with a photovoltaic and wind turbine generation plant, working in parallel. It also has an external weather station that allows predictive analysis and control of the temperature inside the abode. The electrical system can be disconnected from the local network, working independently (islanding) and with voltage regulation executed by the photovoltaic generation system. Additionally, the system has a battery bank that allows the energy management by means of the supervisory control system. Under this scenario, a set of coordination and supervisory control strategies, adapted for the needs defined in the energy management program and considering the infrastructure conditions of the network and the abode, are applied with the aim of efficiently managing the supply and consumption of energy, considering Electricity Distribution Net Billing Laws 20.571 and 21.118 in Chile (https://www.bcn.cl/historiadelaley/historia-de-la-ley/vista-expandida/7596/), the electricity tariffs established by the distribution company and the option of incorporating an energy storage system and temperature control inside the room. The results show the advantage of the proposed tariffs and the overall energy homeostasis management strategy for the integration of distributed power generation and distribution within the smart grid transformation agenda in Chile. Este artículo presenta un caso de estudio sobre control de potencia y gestión de energía para un edificio residencial de 60 departamentos con generación solar y almacenamiento de energía conectado a la red en Santiago, Chile. Se diseña un nuevo algoritmo de gestión energética basado en la homeostasis energética para un pequeño sistema de generación electrotérmica (nanogrid), con medición inteligente. El banco de pruebas emplea un control de supervisión con administración de energía que regula la temperatura dentro de una habitación grande mediante la acción de una unidad HVAC (Calefacción/Ventilación/Aire acondicionado). El objetivo principal del control de supervisión es permitir el confort de la temperatura para los residentes mientras se evalúa la disminución del costo de la energía. El estudio considera una habitación con nanorredes conectadas a la red en la azotea con una planta de generación fotovoltaica y eólica, trabajando en paralelo. También cuenta con una estación meteorológica externa que permite el análisis predictivo y control de la temperatura al interior de la morada. El sistema eléctrico se puede desconectar de la red local, trabajando de forma independiente (islanding) y con regulación de tensión ejecutada por el sistema de generación fotovoltaica. Adicionalmente, el sistema cuenta con un banco de baterías que permite la gestión de la energía a través del sistema de control de supervisión. Bajo este escenario, se aplican un conjunto de estrategias de coordinación y control supervisor, adaptadas a las necesidades definidas en el programa de gestión energética y considerando las condiciones de infraestructura de la red y del domicilio, con el objetivo de gestionar eficientemente el suministro y consumo de energía, considerando las Leyes de Facturación Neta de Distribución Eléctrica 20.571 y 21.118 de Chile (https://www.bcn.cl/historiadelaley/historia-de-la-ley/vista-expandida/7596/), las tarifas eléctricas establecidas por la empresa distribuidora y la posibilidad de incorporar un sistema de almacenamiento de energía y control de temperatura en el interior de la estancia. Los resultados muestran la ventaja de las tarifas propuestas y la estrategia general de gestión de la homeostasis energética para la integración de la generación y distribución de energía distribuida dentro de la agenda de transformación de redes inteligentes en Chile.
Engineering sustainable energy systems: how reactive and predictive homeostatic control can prepare electric power systems for environmental challenges
(Elsevier, 2017) Yanine, Fernando; Sanchez-Squella, Antonio; Barrueto, Aldo; Cordova, Felisa M.; Kumar Sahoo, Sarat
Nowadays electric power generation and distribution systems are being faced with a number of challenges and concerns which emanate not so much from a shortage of energy supply but from environmental and operational issues. They are required to respond to such challenges very rapidly and effectively so as to preserve stability and continuity of operations at any time, regardless of what may occur in the surroundings. This in fact is the true measure of what sustainable energy systems (SES) are all about, and homeostatic control (HC) of energy systems seeks just that: to enable energy systems to become highly efficient and effective very rapidly, by attaining a state of equilibrium between energy supply and energy expenditure in electric power systems (EPS) operation. To accomplish so they ought to imitate homeostasis mechanisms present in all living organisms. Ever since Cannon (1929, 1935) first introduced the concept, attention on homeostasis and its applications have been the sole patrimony of medicine and biology to find cures for diseases like diabetes and obesity. Nevertheless, homeostasis is rather an engineering concept in its very essence - even more so than in the natural sciences - and its application in the design and engineering of sustainable hybrid energy systems (SHES) is a reality. In this paper we present the groundwork that supports the theoretical model underlining the engineering of homeostasis in SHES. Homeostasis mechanisms are present in all living organisms, and thus are also applicable to EPS in order to enable and maintain a sustainable performance when EPS are linked to energy efficiency (EE) and thriftiness. In doing so, both reactive and predictive homeostasis play a substantive role in the engineering of such mechanisms. Reactive homeostasis (RH) is an immediate response of the SES to a homeostatic challenge such as energy deprivation, energy shortage or imbalance. RH entails feedback mechanisms that allow for reactive compensation, reestablishing homeostasis or efficient equilibrium in the system. Predictive homeostasis (PH), on the other hand, is a proactive mechanism which anticipates the events that are likely to occur, sending the right signals to the central controller, enabling SES to respond early and proactively to environmental challenges and concerns. The paper explores both concepts based on previous work in order to advance the research in the field of HC applied to electric power systems.
Grid-tied distributed generation systems to sustain the smart grid transformation: tariff analysis and generation sharing
(MDPI, 2020) Yanine, Fernando; Sánchez-Squella, Antonio; Barrueto, Aldo; Parejo, Antonio; Cordova, Felisa; Rother, Hans
In this paper a novel model is being proposed and considered by ENEL—the largest electric utility in Chile—and analyzed thoroughly, whereby electric power control and energy management for a 60-apartments’ residential building is presented as an example of the utility’s green energy program, part of its Smart Grid Transformation plan to install grid-tied distributed generation (DG) systems, namely microgrids, with solar generation and energy storage in Santiago, Chile. The particular tariffs scheme analysis shown is part of the overall projected tentative benefits of adopting the new scheme, which will require the utility’s customers to adapt their consumption behavior to the limited supply of renewable energy by changing energy consumption habits and schedules in a way that maximizes the capacity and efficiency of the grid-tied microgrid with energy storage. The change in behavior entails rescheduling power consumption to hours where the energy supply capacity in the DG system is higher and price is lower as well as curtailing their power needs in certain hourly blocks so as to maximize DG system’s efficiency and supply capacity. Nevertheless, the latter presents a problem under the perspective of ENEL’s renewable energy sources (RES) integration plan with the electric utility’s grid supply, which, up until now and due to current electric tariffs law, has not had a clear solution. Under said scenario, a set of strategies based on energy homeostasis principles for the coordination and control of the electricity supply versus customers’ demand has been devised and tested. These strategies which consider various scenarios to conform to grid flexibility requirements by ENEL, have been adapted for the specific needs of these types of customers while considering the particular infrastructure of the network. Thus, the microgrid adjusts itself to the grid in order to complement the grid supply while seeking to maximize green supply capacity and operational efficiency, wherein the different energy users and their energy consumption profiles play a crucial role as “active loads”, being able to respond and adapt to the needs of the grid-connected microgrid while enjoying economic benefits. Simulation results are presented under different tariff options, system’s capacity and energy storage alternatives, in order to ompare the proposed strategies with the actual case of traditional grid’s electricity distribution service, where no green energy is present. The results show the advantage of the proposed tariffs scheme, along with power control and energy management strategies for the integration of distributed power generation within ENEL’s Smart Grid Transformation in Chile.
Homeostaticity of energy systems: How to engineer grid flexibility and why should electric utilities care
(Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 2019) Yanine, Fernando; Sanchez-Squella, Antonio; Barrueto, Aldo; Kumar Sahoo, Sarat; Parejo, Antonio; Shah, Dhruv; Cordova, Felisa
Today’s power generation and distribution industry is being faced with a number of issues, from violent weather phenomena to earthquakes, fires and landslides; including acts of arson, terrorism and vandalism, all of which pose serious concerns for the sustainability of the distribution and supply of electricity. Electric utilities like ENEL are cognizant of this fact and know they must take action. Moreover, they are required by law to be prepared and act proactively to prevent service disruption, by responding to such challenges rapidly and effectively so as to preserve stability and continuity of operation. Homeostaticity of energy systems seeks just that: to bring about a rapid, effective and efficient state of equilibrium between energy supply and expenditure at all times, whatever the circumstances, to preserve stability of systems operation. The paper presents a prescriptive energy homeostaticity model being considered by ENEL as a means to further the incorporation of renewables in the electricity generation and distribution industry. The aim is to enhance control and energy management systems in distributed generation installations tied to the grid for urban and rural communities, in order to complement and diversify their electric power distribution services. The theoretical groundwork underlying the subject as well as other relevant contextual factors are also discussed and simulation results are presented under different tariff scenarios, and energy storage alternatives, in order to compare the proposed model with the actual case. Energy storage (ES) is found to be of paramount importance in the overall analysis of the results as it enhances and reinforces thriftiness on energy consumption.
Reviewing homeostasis of sustainable energy systems: How reactive and predictive homeostasis can enable electric utilities to operate distributed generation as part of their power supply services
(Elsevier, 2018) Yanine, Fernando; Barrueto, Aldo; Sanchez-Squella, Antonio; Tosso, Joshua; Córdova, Felisa M.; Rother, Hans C.
Homeostatic control (HC) of electric power systems (EPS), particularly those that fall into the distributed generation (DG) category, can enable utilities to broaden their power supply services in line with industry changes worldwide while at the same time safeguarding their customers’ power supply against environmental challenges. Such solutions are being considered nowadays by industry giants like ENEL, by far the largest electric power utility operating in Chile. ENEL is seeking to tap into the DG market with a microgrid solution that can be installed in every building that is part of its customer base. In order to accomplish this, such DG solutions should first and foremost behave like sustainable energy systems (SES). For this they ought to emulate homeostasis mechanisms present in all living organisms. Both reactive homeostasis (RH) and predictive homeostasis (PH) enable living organisms to respond early and proactively to internal changes in the grid-tied DG system as well as to environmental challenges and threats. Particularly PH does so by foreseeing when these are most likely to occur, adjusting their energy intake and expenditure accordingly to maintain a stable, efficient and sustainable equilibrium. Based on the above, this paper presents a theoretical approach with an empirical base for engineering sustainability in hybrid energy systems. The project is part of a joint research initiative between a small group of university researchers and ENEL Distribucion, formerly Chilectra1 of Chile to develop a commercial prototype to be implemented in apartment buildings being serviced by ENEL throughout Santiago. This is important in order to advance DG solutions implemented by utilities like ENEL Distribucion, to further EPS decentralization, offer a broad, more flexible and personalized spectrum of services and, at the same time, preparing them for growing environmental challenges and threats.
Smart Energy Systems: The Need to Incorporate Homeostatically Controlled Microgrids to the Electric Power Distribution Industry: An Electric Utilities’ Perspective
(Science Publishing Corporation Inc., 2018) Yanine, Fernando; Cordova, Felisa M.; Barrueto, Aldo; Sahoo, Sarat Kumar; Sanchez-Squella, Antonio
For no one is a secret that nowadays electric power distribution systems (EPDS) are being faced with a number of challenges and concerns, which emanate not so much from a shortage of energy supply but from environmental, infrastructural and operational issues. They are required to preserve stability and continuity of operations at any time no matter what, regardless of what may occur in the surroundings. This is the true measure of what sustainable energy systems (SES) are all about and homeostaticity of energy systems seeks just that: to bring about a rapid, effective and efficient state of equilibrium between energy supply and energy expenditure in electric power systems (EPS). The paper presents the theoretical groundwork and a brief description of the model for the operation of SES and their role in energy sustainability, supported by theoretical and empirical results. The concept of homeostaticity in EPDS is explained, along with its role in SES.

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