Revisión narrativa sistematizada: nivel de conocimiento sobre cuidado de salud oral infantil en padres de menores
Fecha
2023
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Universidad Finis Terrae (Chile) Facultad de Odontología
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Introducción: La salud oral enfrenta desafíos persistentes en la población, especialmente en los menores, donde la caries sigue siendo prevalente. A pesar de los avances científicos, la incidencia no disminuye, con tasas alarmantes desde los primeros años de vida. Las patologías bucodentales afectan no solo la salud física, sino también la calidad de vida y el desarrollo general de los niños. La influencia de los padres en la adquisición de hábitos resalta la importancia de iniciar cuidados desde temprana edad.
Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia publicada de los principales estudios acerca del nivel de conocimiento de los padres sobre los cuidados de salud oral infantil.
Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional de tipo analítico, denominado revisión sistemática. La búsqueda de artículos científicos se realizó desde el año 2010 hasta la fecha, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed y Scielo. Se emplearon los términos MeSH: "Oral health", "knowledge", "Health literacy", "Parents", y se utilizó el operador booleano AND. Se clasificaron y seleccionaron aquellos estudios que trataban temas sobre el conocimiento de los padres en salud oral, presentados en texto completo de libre acceso, y solo se consideraron los idiomas inglés y español.
Resultados: De los 51 artículos revisados en la literatura y tras aplicar los filtros correspondientes, se seleccionaron 16 artículos para su inclusión en el estudio, dado que abordaban temas relacionados con la salud bucal infantil y los conocimientos de los padres de menores. Se excluyeron aquellos estudios publicados antes de 2010 o redactados en un idioma diferente al inglés o español. Se procedió a revisar minuciosamente los 16 artículos seleccionados, siguiendo los criterios mencionados, para posteriormente realizar las tablas resumen.
Conclusión: Los estudios indican que el conocimiento de los padres sobre salud bucal es regular. La compleja interacción entre conocimiento, experiencias y factores socioeconómicos afecta la salud bucal de los hijos. Aunque más conocimiento se vincula positivamente con la salud bucal infantil, no garantiza prácticas saludables. Las disparidades regionales resaltan la importancia de abordar determinantes geográficos y socioeconómicos, con el nivel educativo y socioeconómico de los padres como claves. Las experiencias y percepciones parentales influyen en la ansiedad dental y actitud hacia la atención odontológica de los hijos, destacando la influencia psicológica. La promoción de la salud oral debe considerar no solo el conocimiento, sino también experiencias, hábitos alimenticios y conciencia sobre el flúor, con la necesidad de educación para padres y estrategias de autocuidado oral.
Introduction: Oral health faces persistent challenges in the population, especially among minors, where caries remains prevalent. Despite scientific advances, the incidence does not decrease, with alarming rates from early childhood. Oral and dental pathologies not only affect physical health but also the quality of life and overall development of children. The influence of parents in the acquisition of habits highlights the importance of initiating care from an early age. Objective: The objective of this research is to systematically review the published evidence from the main studies on parents' knowledge levels regarding infant oral health care. Method: An observational analytical study, referred to as a systematic review, was conducted. The search for scientific articles was carried out from 2010 to the present, utilizing the PubMed and Scielo databases. MeSH terms such as ""Oral health,"" ""knowledge,"" ""Health literacy,"" ""Parents"" were employed, and the boolean operator AND was used. Studies addressing parental knowledge in oral health were classified and selected, focusing on those presented in freely accessible full-text format, with consideration given only to English and Spanish languages. Results: Out of the 51 articles reviewed in the literature and after applying the corresponding filters, 16 articles were selected for inclusion in the study, as they addressed topics related to children's oral health and parental knowledge. Studies published before 2010 or written in a language other than English or Spanish were excluded. The 16 selected articles were thoroughly reviewed, following the mentioned criteria, to subsequently create summary tables. Conclusion: The examined studies reveal that parental knowledge about oral health is mostly moderate. The complex interplay between knowledge, experiences, and socioeconomic and educational factors influences the oral health of their children. While there is a positive correlation between greater oral health knowledge and benefits for children's oral health, it is emphasized that knowledge alone does not guarantee adherence to healthy practices, underscoring the need to translate knowledge into concrete actions from an early age. Disparities in knowledge levels among regions highlight the importance of addressing specific geographical and socioeconomic determinants, with the socioeconomic and educational levels of parents being key determinants. Parental experiences and perceptions influence dental anxiety and attitudes toward children's dental care, emphasizing psychological influences on children's oral health. Finally, it is emphasized that comprehensive oral health promotion should consider not only knowledge but also personal experiences, dietary habits, and awareness of fluoride use, emphasizing the need for parent-focused education and strategies to improve self-care in oral health.
Introduction: Oral health faces persistent challenges in the population, especially among minors, where caries remains prevalent. Despite scientific advances, the incidence does not decrease, with alarming rates from early childhood. Oral and dental pathologies not only affect physical health but also the quality of life and overall development of children. The influence of parents in the acquisition of habits highlights the importance of initiating care from an early age. Objective: The objective of this research is to systematically review the published evidence from the main studies on parents' knowledge levels regarding infant oral health care. Method: An observational analytical study, referred to as a systematic review, was conducted. The search for scientific articles was carried out from 2010 to the present, utilizing the PubMed and Scielo databases. MeSH terms such as ""Oral health,"" ""knowledge,"" ""Health literacy,"" ""Parents"" were employed, and the boolean operator AND was used. Studies addressing parental knowledge in oral health were classified and selected, focusing on those presented in freely accessible full-text format, with consideration given only to English and Spanish languages. Results: Out of the 51 articles reviewed in the literature and after applying the corresponding filters, 16 articles were selected for inclusion in the study, as they addressed topics related to children's oral health and parental knowledge. Studies published before 2010 or written in a language other than English or Spanish were excluded. The 16 selected articles were thoroughly reviewed, following the mentioned criteria, to subsequently create summary tables. Conclusion: The examined studies reveal that parental knowledge about oral health is mostly moderate. The complex interplay between knowledge, experiences, and socioeconomic and educational factors influences the oral health of their children. While there is a positive correlation between greater oral health knowledge and benefits for children's oral health, it is emphasized that knowledge alone does not guarantee adherence to healthy practices, underscoring the need to translate knowledge into concrete actions from an early age. Disparities in knowledge levels among regions highlight the importance of addressing specific geographical and socioeconomic determinants, with the socioeconomic and educational levels of parents being key determinants. Parental experiences and perceptions influence dental anxiety and attitudes toward children's dental care, emphasizing psychological influences on children's oral health. Finally, it is emphasized that comprehensive oral health promotion should consider not only knowledge but also personal experiences, dietary habits, and awareness of fluoride use, emphasizing the need for parent-focused education and strategies to improve self-care in oral health.
Descripción
Tesis (Cirujano Dentista)--Universidad Finis Terrae, 2023
Lugar de Publicación
Santiago, Chile
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Citación
Palabras clave
HIGIENE BUCAL, SALUD ORAL INFANTIL, CARIES DENTAL -- PREVENCIÓN Y CONTROL
Licencia
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)