Unfused transverse foramen of the atlas vertebra in the Neandertal lineage fossils

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dc.contributor.authorGómez-Olivencia, Asier
dc.contributor.authorArlegi, Mikel
dc.contributor.authorValenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José
dc.contributor.authorOrellana-Donoso, Mathias
dc.contributor.authorArsuaga, Juan Luis
dc.contributor.authorSanchis-Gimeno, Juan
dc.coverage.spatialUnited States
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-11T17:00:37Z
dc.date.available2026-03-11T17:00:37Z
dc.date.issued2025-11-07
dc.description.abstractIn anatomically modern humans, the atlas can display an unfused transverse foramen (UTF) but currently the presence of UTF in the Neandertal lineage is uncertain due to a scarcity of prevalence studies and no exhaustive record of its presence throughout the entire hominin fossil record. In this context, this study aimed to assess the UTF prevalence in Neandertal lineage fossils. In the Neandertal lineage fossil record, UTF was identified in three atlases: a Middle Pleistocene Preneandertal fossil (VC3) from Sima de los Huesos, and the Neandertal specimens Kebara 2 and Krapina 98. These results suggest that UTF may have been present in the hominin lineage since, at least, the Middle Pleistocene. An UTF could have been present in other, older hominin lineages but this remains unclear due to the generally poor preservation of atlases outside the Neandertal lineage fossil record. However, the existence of UTFs in the Neandertal lineage warrants further investigation into the evolutionary and developmental factors underlying this vertebral morphological variation.
dc.identifier.citationThe Anatomical Record (2025) p. 1-9
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70089
dc.identifier.issn1932-8486
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-062X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12254/7493
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Chile (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CL)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/cl/
dc.subjectNeandertal
dc.subjectatlas vertebra
dc.subjectdevelopmental anatomy
dc.subjectfossil hominines
dc.subjectunfused transverse foramen
dc.titleUnfused transverse foramen of the atlas vertebra in the Neandertal lineage fossils
dc.typeArticle
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