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Trayectorias de identidad docente al interior de un programa de Pedagogía Media
(Fundación Carlos Chagas, 2026) Pérez Carrillo, David Jacob; Ochoa Provoste, María Alejandra; Rocha Monsalve, Victor Mario
Los estudios de trayectorias que decantan en procesos de identidad profesional docente al interior de la formación inicial son escasos. El artículo comparte hallazgos de una cohorte que cursó estudios en un programa de prosecución de Pedagogía Media. Los tránsitos identitarios que se presentan fueron extraídos en tres momentos del trayecto, tras los cuales se asumieron como docentes en ejercicio. Para dicho fin se asumió un enfoque de investigación cualitativo longitudinal. Los resultados sugieren que el contexto nacional y escolar impactan en las creencias, emociones y actitudes, así como la relevancia que asumen los procesos reflexivos para desinstalar o reforzar nociones y el impacto que asume el rol de profesor jefe en las nuevas comprensiones de ser docente. Os estudos de trajetórias que resultam em processos de identidade profissional docente na formação inicial são escassos. O artigo compartilha descobertas de um grupo que cursou estudos em um programa complementar de licenciatura para o ensino médio. Os percursos identitários apresentados foram extraídos em três momentos do trajeto, após os quais eles se consideraram docentes em exercício. Para esse fim, adotou-se uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa e longitudinal. Os resultados sugerem que os contextos nacional e escolar têm impacto nas crenças, emoções e atitudes, assim como a relevância que ganham os processos reflexivos para desinstalar ou reforçar noções e a importância que o papel do coordenador pedagógico assume nas novas compreensões sobre o ser docente.
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Adipocyte extracellular vesicles (AdEVs) promote a proinflammatory and profibrotic profile in human renal and endothelial cells in vitro
(Springer Nature, 2026-02-23) Carrión, Pablo; Hernández, María Paz; Pérez, Jorge A.; Tapia-Castillo, Alejandra; Vecchiola, Andrea; Sandoval-Bórquez, Alejandra; Baudrand, René F.; Fardella, Carlos E.; Carvajal, Cristian A.
OBJECTIVES: In obesity, white adipose tissue (WAT) undergoes hypertrophic and hyperplastic changes that are driven by phenotypical changes in preadipocytes and adipocytes. WAT also causes a chronic inflammatory state that modifies gene expression and the secretome, including the shedding of adipose-derived extracellular vesicles (AdEVs) into the circulation, which may influence distant cell types and modulate their phenotypes. AIM: To evaluate the effects of AdEVs on renal and endothelial cells and determine their impact on gene expression related to inflammation, fibrosis, and endothelial function. METHODS: Human SW872 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes and subsequently characterized. AdEVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and analyzed according to ISEV guidelines. Recipient human renal (HCD) and endothelial (EA.hy926) cells were exposed to AdEVs for 24 hours. Gene expression of adipokines, cytokines (IL-6, IL-1B), fibrosis markers, neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL), and eNOS was assessed by RT-qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS: Differentiated SW872 cells displayed typical adipocyte morphology and accumulated abundant lipid droplets. Isolated AdEVs showed a donut-like morphology, characteristic size distribution, and expression of CD9 and TSG101, consistent with canonical EV markers. Both renal and endothelial cells internalized PKH67-labeled AdEVs and exhibited increased IL-6 and IL-1B expression (p < 0.05). Renal cells demonstrated increased NGAL mRNA levels, whereas endothelial cells showed reduced eNOS mRNA expression following AdEV exposure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: AdEVs from SW872 upregulated cytokine (e.g., IL-6) and NGAL expression in renal cells, while reducing eNOS expression in endothelial cells. These findings suggest that AdEVs may influence early inflammatory and vascular responses inobesity.
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Au Adatom-Linked [Au(XCH3)2] (X= S,Se,Te) Complexes on Gold (111) Surface Clusters
(Springer Nature, 2026-02-09) Herrera, Pablo; Ceron, María Luisa; Miranda-Rojas, Sebastián; Mendizabal, Fernando
We present a study on the nature of the forces dominating the interaction between [Au(XCH3)2] - (X = S, Se, Te) complexes and gold(111) surface. For this purpose, we modeled a series of gold complexes and gold clusters (Au26 and Au58). The models were calculated at the DFT-D3(BJ) (PBE and TPSS) levels of theory. The results show that noncovalent interactions are associated with the Au-adatom-Au and chalcogen-Au (surface) distances. Also, the NBO, NCI, and QTAIM analysis exposed a low-density character between the gold-adatom-Au(surface) and chalcogen-Au(surface) atoms, revealing that this contribution explains the stability of the complexes. Moreover, the Energy Decomposition Analysis shows that the polarization-charge-transfer and dispersion contributions are more relevant in the description of the van der Waals interaction.
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Progressive 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Insufficiency as Kidney Function Declines
(Endocrine Society, 2024-09) Uslar, Thomas; Newman, Andrew J.; Tapia-Castillo, Alejandra; Carvajal, Cristian A.; Fardella, Carlos E.; Allende, Fidel; Solari, Sandra; Tsai, Laura C.; Milks, Julia; Cherney, Michael; Stouffer, David G.; Auchus, Richard; Brown, Jenifer M.; Baudrand, René; Vaidya, Anand
Background: It has been postulated that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a state of relative 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2) insufficiency, resulting in increased cortisol-mediated mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation. We hypothesized that relative 11βHSD2 insufficiency manifests across a wide spectrum of progressively declining kidney function, including within the normal range. Methods: Adult participants were recruited at 2 academic centers. A discovery cohort (n = 500) enrolled individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ranging from normal to CKD stage 5, in whom serum cortisol-to-cortisone (F/E) was measured as a biomarker of 11βHSD2 activity. A validation cohort (n = 101) enrolled only individuals with normal kidney function (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in whom 11βHSD2 activity was assessed via serum F/E and 11-hydroxy-to-11-keto androgen (11OH/K) ratios following multiple maneuvers: oral sodium suppression test, dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and ACTH-stimulation test (ACTHstim). Results: In the discovery cohort, lower eGFR was associated with higher F/E (P-trend < .001). Similarly, in the validation cohort, with normal eGFR, an inverse association between eGFR and both F/E and 11OH/K ratios was observed (P-trend < .01), which persisted following DST (P-trend < .001) and ACTHstim (P-trend < .05). The fractional excretion of potassium, a marker of renal MR activity, was higher with higher F/E (P-trend < .01) and with lower eGFR (P-trend < .0001). Conclusion: A continuum of declining 11βHSD2 activity was observed with progressively lower eGFR in individuals spanning a wide spectrum of kidney function, including those with apparently normal kidney function. These findings implicate cortisol-mediated MR activation in the pathophysiology of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in CKD.
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Influence of estradiol deficiency on the mineralocorticoid receptor response in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2025-01) Martínez-García, Alejandra; Pérez, Jorge A.; Tapia-Castillo, Alejandra; Hernández, María P.; Solórzano, Marlin; Carrión, Pablo; Fardella, Carlos E.; Carvajal, Cristian A.
Objective: Premenopausal women (PreM) have a cardioprotective advantage over postmenopausal women (PostM) due to estrogen. The interaction of estrogen with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) pathway remains unexplored. This study aimed to identify changes in aldosterone, renin and sexual steroid levels and MR surrogate biomarkers in PostM that may explain changes in blood pressure and renal damage. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 47 normotensive and hypertensive Chilean women distributed between PreM and PostM. Clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA) and surrogate markers of MR activity, were assessed. Results: PostM had greater systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < 0.001) than PreM. A negative correlation was observed between estradiol and fractional excretion of potassium (FEK) (ρ = –0.29; p = 0.023), adjusted for age and SBP. Compared with hypertensive PreM, hypertensive PostM (PostM-HT) showed reduced PRA (p = 0.045) and greater FEK (p = 0.04). Normotensive PostM (Post-NT) exhibited greater SBP (p = 0.03), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels (p = 0.04) and FEK (p = 0.03) than normotensive PreM. Conclusion: Our results suggest enhanced MR sensitivity not only in PostM-HT, as evidenced by lower PRA and elevated FEK, but also in PostM-NT, who exhibited greater FEK and NGAL levels, surrogate markers of MR activation. These results support a novel role of MR activation and cardiovascular risk in PostM women.